Fluid flow sensor is a device used to measure the flow rate of a fluid (liquid or gas) within a system. These sensors are crucial in various industries and applications where monitoring and controlling the flow of fluids is essential.
The global Fluid Flow Sensor market size is projected to grow from US$ million in 2024 to US$ million in 2030; it is expected to grow at a CAGR of %from 2024 to 2030.
The 鈥淔luid Flow Sensor Industry Forecast鈥� looks at past sales and reviews total world Fluid Flow Sensor sales in 2023, providing a comprehensive analysis by region and market sector of projected Fluid Flow Sensor sales for 2024 through 2030. With Fluid Flow Sensor sales broken down by region, market sector and sub-sector, this report provides a detailed analysis in US$ millions of the world Fluid Flow Sensor industry.
This Insight Report provides a comprehensive analysis of the global Fluid Flow Sensor landscape and highlights key trends related to product segmentation, company formation, revenue, and market share, latest development, and M&A activity. This report also analyzes the strategies of leading global companies with a focus on Fluid Flow Sensor portfolios and capabilities, market entry strategies, market positions, and geographic footprints, to better understand these firms鈥� unique position in an accelerating global Fluid Flow Sensor market.
This Insight Report evaluates the key market trends, drivers, and affecting factors shaping the global outlook for Fluid Flow Sensor and breaks down the forecast by Type, by Application, geography, and market size to highlight emerging pockets of opportunity. With a transparent methodology based on hundreds of bottom-up qualitative and quantitative market inputs, this study forecast offers a highly nuanced view of the current state and future trajectory in the global Fluid Flow Sensor.
United States market for Fluid Flow Sensor is estimated to increase from US$ million in 2023 to US$ million by 2030, at a CAGR of % from 2024 through 2030.
China market for Fluid Flow Sensor is estimated to increase from US$ million in 2023 to US$ million by 2030, at a CAGR of % from 2024 through 2030.
Europe market for Fluid Flow Sensor is estimated to increase from US$ million in 2023 to US$ million by 2030, at a CAGR of % from 2024 through 2030.
Global key Fluid Flow Sensor players cover ABB, Ameritrol, Barksdale (Crane), Christian B眉rkert GmbH & Co. KG, Cynergy3 Components (Sensata), etc. In terms of revenue, the global two largest companies occupied for a share nearly
% in 2023.
This report presents a comprehensive overview, market shares, and growth opportunities of Fluid Flow Sensor market by product type, application, key manufacturers and key regions and countries.
Segmentation by Type:
Liquid Flow Sensor
Gas Flow Sensor
Segmentation by Application:
Industrial Processes
Laboratory and Research
Environmental Monitoring
Others
This report also splits the market by region:
Americas
United States
Canada
Mexico
Brazil
APAC
China
Japan
Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Australia
Europe
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Russia
Middle East & Africa
Egypt
South Africa
Israel
Turkey
GCC Countries
The below companies that are profiled have been selected based on inputs gathered from primary experts and analysing the company's coverage, product portfolio, its market penetration.
ABB
Ameritrol
Barksdale (Crane)
Christian B眉rkert GmbH & Co. KG
Cynergy3 Components (Sensata)
Dwyer Instruments
Emerson Electric Co.
Endress+Hauser
First Sensor AG
Fluid Components International (FCI)
Gems Sensors
GHM Group
Harwil Corporation
ifm electronic
Kelco
Keyence Corporation
KOBOLD Instruments
Magnetrol
Malema Engineering
McDonnell & Miller (Xylem)
OMEGA Engineering
Proteus Industrie
Proxitron GmbH
Rechner Sensors
Rockwell Automation
Sensirion AG
Shanghai Fengshen
SICK AG
Siemens AG
Sika AG
SMC Corporation
TE Connectivity
TSI Incorporated
WIKA
Key Questions Addressed in this Report
What is the 10-year outlook for the global Fluid Flow Sensor market?
What factors are driving Fluid Flow Sensor market growth, globally and by region?
Which technologies are poised for the fastest growth by market and region?
How do Fluid Flow Sensor market opportunities vary by end market size?
How does Fluid Flow Sensor break out by Type, by Application?
Please Note - This is an on demand report and will be delivered in 2 business days (48 hours) post payment.
1 Scope of the Report
1.1 Market Introduction
1.2 Years Considered
1.3 Research Objectives
1.4 Market Research Methodology
1.5 Research Process and Data Source
1.6 Economic Indicators
1.7 Currency Considered
1.8 Market Estimation Caveats
2 Executive Summary
2.1 World Market Overview
2.1.1 Global Fluid Flow Sensor Annual Sales 2019-2030
2.1.2 World Current & Future Analysis for Fluid Flow Sensor by Geographic Region, 2019, 2023 & 2030
2.1.3 World Current & Future Analysis for Fluid Flow Sensor by Country/Region, 2019, 2023 & 2030
2.2 Fluid Flow Sensor Segment by Type
2.2.1 Liquid Flow Sensor
2.2.2 Gas Flow Sensor
2.3 Fluid Flow Sensor Sales by Type
2.3.1 Global Fluid Flow Sensor Sales Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
2.3.2 Global Fluid Flow Sensor Revenue and Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
2.3.3 Global Fluid Flow Sensor Sale Price by Type (2019-2024)
2.4 Fluid Flow Sensor Segment by Application
2.4.1 Industrial Processes
2.4.2 Laboratory and Research
2.4.3 Environmental Monitoring
2.4.4 Others
2.5 Fluid Flow Sensor Sales by Application
2.5.1 Global Fluid Flow Sensor Sale Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
2.5.2 Global Fluid Flow Sensor Revenue and Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
2.5.3 Global Fluid Flow Sensor Sale Price by Application (2019-2024)
3 Global by Company
3.1 Global Fluid Flow Sensor Breakdown Data by Company
3.1.1 Global Fluid Flow Sensor Annual Sales by Company (2019-2024)
3.1.2 Global Fluid Flow Sensor Sales Market Share by Company (2019-2024)
3.2 Global Fluid Flow Sensor Annual Revenue by Company (2019-2024)
3.2.1 Global Fluid Flow Sensor Revenue by Company (2019-2024)
3.2.2 Global Fluid Flow Sensor Revenue Market Share by Company (2019-2024)
3.3 Global Fluid Flow Sensor Sale Price by Company
3.4 Key Manufacturers Fluid Flow Sensor Producing Area Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type
3.4.1 Key Manufacturers Fluid Flow Sensor Product Location Distribution
3.4.2 Players Fluid Flow Sensor Products Offered
3.5 Market Concentration Rate Analysis
3.5.1 Competition Landscape Analysis
3.5.2 Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2019-2024)
3.6 New Products and Potential Entrants
3.7 Market M&A Activity & Strategy
4 World Historic Review for Fluid Flow Sensor by Geographic Region
4.1 World Historic Fluid Flow Sensor Market Size by Geographic Region (2019-2024)
4.1.1 Global Fluid Flow Sensor Annual Sales by Geographic Region (2019-2024)
4.1.2 Global Fluid Flow Sensor Annual Revenue by Geographic Region (2019-2024)
4.2 World Historic Fluid Flow Sensor Market Size by Country/Region (2019-2024)
4.2.1 Global Fluid Flow Sensor Annual Sales by Country/Region (2019-2024)
4.2.2 Global Fluid Flow Sensor Annual Revenue by Country/Region (2019-2024)
4.3 Americas Fluid Flow Sensor Sales Growth
4.4 APAC Fluid Flow Sensor Sales Growth
4.5 Europe Fluid Flow Sensor Sales Growth
4.6 Middle East & Africa Fluid Flow Sensor Sales Growth
5 Americas
5.1 Americas Fluid Flow Sensor Sales by Country
5.1.1 Americas Fluid Flow Sensor Sales by Country (2019-2024)
5.1.2 Americas Fluid Flow Sensor Revenue by Country (2019-2024)
5.2 Americas Fluid Flow Sensor Sales by Type (2019-2024)
5.3 Americas Fluid Flow Sensor Sales by Application (2019-2024)
5.4 United States
5.5 Canada
5.6 Mexico
5.7 Brazil
6 APAC
6.1 APAC Fluid Flow Sensor Sales by Region
6.1.1 APAC Fluid Flow Sensor Sales by Region (2019-2024)
6.1.2 APAC Fluid Flow Sensor Revenue by Region (2019-2024)
6.2 APAC Fluid Flow Sensor Sales by Type (2019-2024)
6.3 APAC Fluid Flow Sensor Sales by Application (2019-2024)
6.4 China
6.5 Japan
6.6 South Korea
6.7 Southeast Asia
6.8 India
6.9 Australia
6.10 China Taiwan
7 Europe
7.1 Europe Fluid Flow Sensor by Country
7.1.1 Europe Fluid Flow Sensor Sales by Country (2019-2024)
7.1.2 Europe Fluid Flow Sensor Revenue by Country (2019-2024)
7.2 Europe Fluid Flow Sensor Sales by Type (2019-2024)
7.3 Europe Fluid Flow Sensor Sales by Application (2019-2024)
7.4 Germany
7.5 France
7.6 UK
7.7 Italy
7.8 Russia
8 Middle East & Africa
8.1 Middle East & Africa Fluid Flow Sensor by Country
8.1.1 Middle East & Africa Fluid Flow Sensor Sales by Country (2019-2024)
8.1.2 Middle East & Africa Fluid Flow Sensor Revenue by Country (2019-2024)
8.2 Middle East & Africa Fluid Flow Sensor Sales by Type (2019-2024)
8.3 Middle East & Africa Fluid Flow Sensor Sales by Application (2019-2024)
8.4 Egypt
8.5 South Africa
8.6 Israel
8.7 Turkey
8.8 GCC Countries
9 Market Drivers, Challenges and Trends
9.1 Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities
9.2 Market Challenges & Risks
9.3 Industry Trends
10 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
10.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
10.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Fluid Flow Sensor
10.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Fluid Flow Sensor
10.4 Industry Chain Structure of Fluid Flow Sensor
11 Marketing, Distributors and Customer
11.1 Sales Channel
11.1.1 Direct Channels
11.1.2 Indirect Channels
11.2 Fluid Flow Sensor Distributors
11.3 Fluid Flow Sensor Customer
12 World Forecast Review for Fluid Flow Sensor by Geographic Region
12.1 Global Fluid Flow Sensor Market Size Forecast by Region
12.1.1 Global Fluid Flow Sensor Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
12.1.2 Global Fluid Flow Sensor Annual Revenue Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
12.2 Americas Forecast by Country (2025-2030)
12.3 APAC Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
12.4 Europe Forecast by Country (2025-2030)
12.5 Middle East & Africa Forecast by Country (2025-2030)
12.6 Global Fluid Flow Sensor Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
12.7 Global Fluid Flow Sensor Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
13 Key Players Analysis
13.1 ABB
13.1.1 ABB Company Information
13.1.2 ABB Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.1.3 ABB Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.1.4 ABB Main Business Overview
13.1.5 ABB Latest Developments
13.2 Ameritrol
13.2.1 Ameritrol Company Information
13.2.2 Ameritrol Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.2.3 Ameritrol Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.2.4 Ameritrol Main Business Overview
13.2.5 Ameritrol Latest Developments
13.3 Barksdale (Crane)
13.3.1 Barksdale (Crane) Company Information
13.3.2 Barksdale (Crane) Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.3.3 Barksdale (Crane) Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.3.4 Barksdale (Crane) Main Business Overview
13.3.5 Barksdale (Crane) Latest Developments
13.4 Christian B眉rkert GmbH & Co. KG
13.4.1 Christian B眉rkert GmbH & Co. KG Company Information
13.4.2 Christian B眉rkert GmbH & Co. KG Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.4.3 Christian B眉rkert GmbH & Co. KG Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.4.4 Christian B眉rkert GmbH & Co. KG Main Business Overview
13.4.5 Christian B眉rkert GmbH & Co. KG Latest Developments
13.5 Cynergy3 Components (Sensata)
13.5.1 Cynergy3 Components (Sensata) Company Information
13.5.2 Cynergy3 Components (Sensata) Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.5.3 Cynergy3 Components (Sensata) Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.5.4 Cynergy3 Components (Sensata) Main Business Overview
13.5.5 Cynergy3 Components (Sensata) Latest Developments
13.6 Dwyer Instruments
13.6.1 Dwyer Instruments Company Information
13.6.2 Dwyer Instruments Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.6.3 Dwyer Instruments Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.6.4 Dwyer Instruments Main Business Overview
13.6.5 Dwyer Instruments Latest Developments
13.7 Emerson Electric Co.
13.7.1 Emerson Electric Co. Company Information
13.7.2 Emerson Electric Co. Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.7.3 Emerson Electric Co. Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.7.4 Emerson Electric Co. Main Business Overview
13.7.5 Emerson Electric Co. Latest Developments
13.8 Endress+Hauser
13.8.1 Endress+Hauser Company Information
13.8.2 Endress+Hauser Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.8.3 Endress+Hauser Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.8.4 Endress+Hauser Main Business Overview
13.8.5 Endress+Hauser Latest Developments
13.9 First Sensor AG
13.9.1 First Sensor AG Company Information
13.9.2 First Sensor AG Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.9.3 First Sensor AG Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.9.4 First Sensor AG Main Business Overview
13.9.5 First Sensor AG Latest Developments
13.10 Fluid Components International (FCI)
13.10.1 Fluid Components International (FCI) Company Information
13.10.2 Fluid Components International (FCI) Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.10.3 Fluid Components International (FCI) Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.10.4 Fluid Components International (FCI) Main Business Overview
13.10.5 Fluid Components International (FCI) Latest Developments
13.11 Gems Sensors
13.11.1 Gems Sensors Company Information
13.11.2 Gems Sensors Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.11.3 Gems Sensors Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.11.4 Gems Sensors Main Business Overview
13.11.5 Gems Sensors Latest Developments
13.12 GHM Group
13.12.1 GHM Group Company Information
13.12.2 GHM Group Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.12.3 GHM Group Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.12.4 GHM Group Main Business Overview
13.12.5 GHM Group Latest Developments
13.13 Harwil Corporation
13.13.1 Harwil Corporation Company Information
13.13.2 Harwil Corporation Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.13.3 Harwil Corporation Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.13.4 Harwil Corporation Main Business Overview
13.13.5 Harwil Corporation Latest Developments
13.14 ifm electronic
13.14.1 ifm electronic Company Information
13.14.2 ifm electronic Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.14.3 ifm electronic Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.14.4 ifm electronic Main Business Overview
13.14.5 ifm electronic Latest Developments
13.15 Kelco
13.15.1 Kelco Company Information
13.15.2 Kelco Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.15.3 Kelco Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.15.4 Kelco Main Business Overview
13.15.5 Kelco Latest Developments
13.16 Keyence Corporation
13.16.1 Keyence Corporation Company Information
13.16.2 Keyence Corporation Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.16.3 Keyence Corporation Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.16.4 Keyence Corporation Main Business Overview
13.16.5 Keyence Corporation Latest Developments
13.17 KOBOLD Instruments
13.17.1 KOBOLD Instruments Company Information
13.17.2 KOBOLD Instruments Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.17.3 KOBOLD Instruments Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.17.4 KOBOLD Instruments Main Business Overview
13.17.5 KOBOLD Instruments Latest Developments
13.18 Magnetrol
13.18.1 Magnetrol Company Information
13.18.2 Magnetrol Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.18.3 Magnetrol Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.18.4 Magnetrol Main Business Overview
13.18.5 Magnetrol Latest Developments
13.19 Malema Engineering
13.19.1 Malema Engineering Company Information
13.19.2 Malema Engineering Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.19.3 Malema Engineering Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.19.4 Malema Engineering Main Business Overview
13.19.5 Malema Engineering Latest Developments
13.20 McDonnell & Miller (Xylem)
13.20.1 McDonnell & Miller (Xylem) Company Information
13.20.2 McDonnell & Miller (Xylem) Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.20.3 McDonnell & Miller (Xylem) Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.20.4 McDonnell & Miller (Xylem) Main Business Overview
13.20.5 McDonnell & Miller (Xylem) Latest Developments
13.21 OMEGA Engineering
13.21.1 OMEGA Engineering Company Information
13.21.2 OMEGA Engineering Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.21.3 OMEGA Engineering Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.21.4 OMEGA Engineering Main Business Overview
13.21.5 OMEGA Engineering Latest Developments
13.22 Proteus Industrie
13.22.1 Proteus Industrie Company Information
13.22.2 Proteus Industrie Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.22.3 Proteus Industrie Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.22.4 Proteus Industrie Main Business Overview
13.22.5 Proteus Industrie Latest Developments
13.23 Proxitron GmbH
13.23.1 Proxitron GmbH Company Information
13.23.2 Proxitron GmbH Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.23.3 Proxitron GmbH Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.23.4 Proxitron GmbH Main Business Overview
13.23.5 Proxitron GmbH Latest Developments
13.24 Rechner Sensors
13.24.1 Rechner Sensors Company Information
13.24.2 Rechner Sensors Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.24.3 Rechner Sensors Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.24.4 Rechner Sensors Main Business Overview
13.24.5 Rechner Sensors Latest Developments
13.25 Rockwell Automation
13.25.1 Rockwell Automation Company Information
13.25.2 Rockwell Automation Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.25.3 Rockwell Automation Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.25.4 Rockwell Automation Main Business Overview
13.25.5 Rockwell Automation Latest Developments
13.26 Sensirion AG
13.26.1 Sensirion AG Company Information
13.26.2 Sensirion AG Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.26.3 Sensirion AG Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.26.4 Sensirion AG Main Business Overview
13.26.5 Sensirion AG Latest Developments
13.27 Shanghai Fengshen
13.27.1 Shanghai Fengshen Company Information
13.27.2 Shanghai Fengshen Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.27.3 Shanghai Fengshen Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.27.4 Shanghai Fengshen Main Business Overview
13.27.5 Shanghai Fengshen Latest Developments
13.28 SICK AG
13.28.1 SICK AG Company Information
13.28.2 SICK AG Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.28.3 SICK AG Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.28.4 SICK AG Main Business Overview
13.28.5 SICK AG Latest Developments
13.29 Siemens AG
13.29.1 Siemens AG Company Information
13.29.2 Siemens AG Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.29.3 Siemens AG Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.29.4 Siemens AG Main Business Overview
13.29.5 Siemens AG Latest Developments
13.30 Sika AG
13.30.1 Sika AG Company Information
13.30.2 Sika AG Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.30.3 Sika AG Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.30.4 Sika AG Main Business Overview
13.30.5 Sika AG Latest Developments
13.31 SMC Corporation
13.31.1 SMC Corporation Company Information
13.31.2 SMC Corporation Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.31.3 SMC Corporation Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.31.4 SMC Corporation Main Business Overview
13.31.5 SMC Corporation Latest Developments
13.32 TE Connectivity
13.32.1 TE Connectivity Company Information
13.32.2 TE Connectivity Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.32.3 TE Connectivity Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.32.4 TE Connectivity Main Business Overview
13.32.5 TE Connectivity Latest Developments
13.33 TSI Incorporated
13.33.1 TSI Incorporated Company Information
13.33.2 TSI Incorporated Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.33.3 TSI Incorporated Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.33.4 TSI Incorporated Main Business Overview
13.33.5 TSI Incorporated Latest Developments
13.34 WIKA
13.34.1 WIKA Company Information
13.34.2 WIKA Fluid Flow Sensor Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.34.3 WIKA Fluid Flow Sensor Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
13.34.4 WIKA Main Business Overview
13.34.5 WIKA Latest Developments
14 Research Findings and Conclusion
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*If Applicable.
