The global Peltier Module Components market size is predicted to grow from US$ 917 million in 2025 to US$ 1546 million in 2031; it is expected to grow at a CAGR of 9.1% from 2025 to 2031.
Peltier Module Components, also known as thermoelectric coolers (TECs), are solid-state devices that utilize the Peltier effect to transfer heat between two surfaces when an electric current is applied. They consist of multiple pairs of p-type and n-type semiconductor materials connected electrically in series and thermally in parallel. When a DC current passes through the module, one side absorbs heat (cooling side), while the other side releases heat (heating side). This allows for precise temperature control without moving parts, making them compact, reliable, and quiet.
The history of Peltier Module Components can be traced back to the discovery of the Peltier effect in the 19th century, but it was not until the mid-20th century, with the development of semiconductor materials, that Peltier Module Components technology was truly commercialized. Early Peltier Module Components were mainly used in the military and aerospace fields. After the 1980s, with the rapid development of the electronics industry, Peltier Module Components gradually entered the consumer electronics, medical equipment and industrial fields.
Peltier Module Components work based on the Peltier effect. When current passes through a thermocouple composed of p-type and n-type semiconductor materials, one end absorbs heat (cold end) and the other end releases heat (hot end), thereby achieving the effect of cooling or heating. This solid-state thermal management technology does not require mechanical moving parts and has the characteristics of compact structure, no noise, high reliability, and precise temperature control. In addition, by reversing the direction of the current, Peltier Module Components can also achieve a heating function, which gives it a unique advantage in bidirectional temperature control applications. The core advantage of Peltier Module Components lies in their solid-state design and precise temperature control capabilities, but their efficiency is relatively low and they are usually used in low-power or high-space and noise requirements.
With the popularization of technologies such as 5G communications, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things, the development of Peltier Module Components in consumer electronics, communications, automobiles, and medical fields has been accelerated. According to our data, the global shipment of Peltier Module Components will exceed 250 million units in 2024, and it is expected to continue to grow at an average annual compound growth rate (CAGR) of more than 10% by 2030.
North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific are the main regions of the Peltier Module Components market. The North American market benefits from strong demand for the electronics industry and medical technology, while the European market focuses on environmental protection and sustainable development. The Asia-Pacific region (especially China, Japan, and South Korea) has become the fastest growing region in the global Peltier Module Components market with its rapidly developing electronics manufacturing and new energy vehicle industries. In 2024, the market size of the Asia-Pacific region will be nearly US$500 million, accounting for more than 50% of the world, of which China occupies the largest consumer market in Asia-Pacific.
From the perspective of industry participants, the main players in Peltier Module Components include Ferrotec, KELK Ltd. (Komatsu), Coherent Corp (formerly II-VI Incorporated), Laird Thermal Systems, Z-MAX, KJLP, Thermion Company, Phononic, Guangdong Fuxin Technology, KYOCERA, Thermonamic Electronics, TE Technology, Same Sky (formerly CUI Devices), Kryotherm Industries, Crystal Ltd, Merit Technology Group, Wakefield Thermal, etc. The leading manufacturers are mainly concentrated in Japan, Europe and the United States. According to our data, the revenue share of the world's top 5 manufacturers in 2024 is about 55%, among which Ferrotec, ranked first, has a share of more than 20%. Due to the late start in China, most of the products are concentrated in the field of consumer electronics, and there is a certain gap between the technology and management level and the world's advanced level. Therefore, the high-end application fields such as communications, medical, and automotive markets are mainly occupied by international leading manufacturers.
From the perspective of downstream applications, shipments in consumer electronics, communications, medical, automotive, industrial, defense and aerospace and other fields have continued to rise. Among them, consumer electronics still occupies the largest consumer market. In 2024, the consumer electronics market size accounted for 25% of the world. With the rapid penetration of 5G communications and electric vehicles, the communications and automotive fields will show a higher growth rate during the forecast period.
The 鈥淧eltier Module Components Industry Forecast鈥� looks at past sales and reviews total world Peltier Module Components sales in 2024, providing a comprehensive analysis by region and market sector of projected Peltier Module Components sales for 2025 through 2031. With Peltier Module Components sales broken down by region, market sector and sub-sector, this report provides a detailed analysis in US$ millions of the world Peltier Module Components industry.
This Insight Report provides a comprehensive analysis of the global Peltier Module Components landscape and highlights key trends related to product segmentation, company formation, revenue, and market share, latest development, and M&A activity. This report also analyzes the strategies of leading global companies with a focus on Peltier Module Components portfolios and capabilities, market entry strategies, market positions, and geographic footprints, to better understand these firms鈥� unique position in an accelerating global Peltier Module Components market.
This Insight Report evaluates the key market trends, drivers, and affecting factors shaping the global outlook for Peltier Module Components and breaks down the forecast by Type, by Application, geography, and market size to highlight emerging pockets of opportunity. With a transparent methodology based on hundreds of bottom-up qualitative and quantitative market inputs, this study forecast offers a highly nuanced view of the current state and future trajectory in the global Peltier Module Components.
This report presents a comprehensive overview, market shares, and growth opportunities of Peltier Module Components market by product type, application, key manufacturers and key regions and countries.
Segmentation by Type:
Single-stage Type
Multi-stage Type
Segmentation by Application:
Consumer Electronics
Communication
Medical
Automotive
Industrial
Aerospace Defense
Others
This report also splits the market by region:
Americas
United States
Canada
Mexico
Brazil
APAC
China
Japan
Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Australia
Europe
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Russia
Middle East & Africa
Egypt
South Africa
Israel
Turkey
GCC Countries
The below companies that are profiled have been selected based on inputs gathered from primary experts and analysing the company's coverage, product portfolio, its market penetration.
Ferrotec
碍贰尝碍听尝迟诲.(碍辞尘补迟蝉耻)
Coherent Corp (formerly II-VI Incorporated)
Laird Thermal Systems
Z-MAX
KJLP
Thermion Company
Phononic
Guangdong Fuxin Technology
KYOCERA
Thermonamic Electronics
TE Technology
Same Sky (formerly CUI Devices)
Kryotherm Industries
Crystal Ltd
Merit Technology Group
Wakefield Thermal
Pelonis Technologies
Zhejiang Wangu Semiconductor
P&N Technology
JiangXi Arctic Industrial
Henan Hongchang Electronic
Wei County Zhongtian Electron Stock Cooperative
Beijing Xinyu Kaimeng Electronic Technology
Beijing Huimao Refrigeration Equipment
Hangzhou Aurin Cooling Device
Key Questions Addressed in this Report
What is the 10-year outlook for the global Peltier Module Components market?
What factors are driving Peltier Module Components market growth, globally and by region?
Which technologies are poised for the fastest growth by market and region?
How do Peltier Module Components market opportunities vary by end market size?
How does Peltier Module Components break out by Type, by Application?
Please Note - This is an on demand report and will be delivered in 2 business days (48 hours) post payment.
1 Scope of the Report
1.1 Market Introduction
1.2 Years Considered
1.3 Research Objectives
1.4 Market Research Methodology
1.5 Research Process and Data Source
1.6 Economic Indicators
1.7 Currency Considered
1.8 Market Estimation Caveats
2 Executive Summary
2.1 World Market Overview
2.1.1 Global Peltier Module Components Annual Sales 2020-2031
2.1.2 World Current & Future Analysis for Peltier Module Components by Geographic Region, 2020, 2024 & 2031
2.1.3 World Current & Future Analysis for Peltier Module Components by Country/Region, 2020, 2024 & 2031
2.2 Peltier Module Components Segment by Type
2.2.1 Single-stage Type
2.2.2 Multi-stage Type
2.3 Peltier Module Components Sales by Type
2.3.1 Global Peltier Module Components Sales Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
2.3.2 Global Peltier Module Components Revenue and Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
2.3.3 Global Peltier Module Components Sale Price by Type (2020-2025)
2.4 Peltier Module Components Segment by Application
2.4.1 Consumer Electronics
2.4.2 Communication
2.4.3 Medical
2.4.4 Automotive
2.4.5 Industrial
2.4.6 Aerospace Defense
2.4.7 Others
2.5 Peltier Module Components Sales by Application
2.5.1 Global Peltier Module Components Sale Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
2.5.2 Global Peltier Module Components Revenue and Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
2.5.3 Global Peltier Module Components Sale Price by Application (2020-2025)
3 Global by Company
3.1 Global Peltier Module Components Breakdown Data by Company
3.1.1 Global Peltier Module Components Annual Sales by Company (2020-2025)
3.1.2 Global Peltier Module Components Sales Market Share by Company (2020-2025)
3.2 Global Peltier Module Components Annual Revenue by Company (2020-2025)
3.2.1 Global Peltier Module Components Revenue by Company (2020-2025)
3.2.2 Global Peltier Module Components Revenue Market Share by Company (2020-2025)
3.3 Global Peltier Module Components Sale Price by Company
3.4 Key Manufacturers Peltier Module Components Producing Area Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type
3.4.1 Key Manufacturers Peltier Module Components Product Location Distribution
3.4.2 Players Peltier Module Components Products Offered
3.5 Market Concentration Rate Analysis
3.5.1 Competition Landscape Analysis
3.5.2 Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2023-2025)
3.6 New Products and Potential Entrants
3.7 Market M&A Activity & Strategy
4 World Historic Review for Peltier Module Components by Geographic Region
4.1 World Historic Peltier Module Components Market Size by Geographic Region (2020-2025)
4.1.1 Global Peltier Module Components Annual Sales by Geographic Region (2020-2025)
4.1.2 Global Peltier Module Components Annual Revenue by Geographic Region (2020-2025)
4.2 World Historic Peltier Module Components Market Size by Country/Region (2020-2025)
4.2.1 Global Peltier Module Components Annual Sales by Country/Region (2020-2025)
4.2.2 Global Peltier Module Components Annual Revenue by Country/Region (2020-2025)
4.3 Americas Peltier Module Components Sales Growth
4.4 APAC Peltier Module Components Sales Growth
4.5 Europe Peltier Module Components Sales Growth
4.6 Middle East & Africa Peltier Module Components Sales Growth
5 Americas
5.1 Americas Peltier Module Components Sales by Country
5.1.1 Americas Peltier Module Components Sales by Country (2020-2025)
5.1.2 Americas Peltier Module Components Revenue by Country (2020-2025)
5.2 Americas Peltier Module Components Sales by Type (2020-2025)
5.3 Americas Peltier Module Components Sales by Application (2020-2025)
5.4 United States
5.5 Canada
5.6 Mexico
5.7 Brazil
6 APAC
6.1 APAC Peltier Module Components Sales by Region
6.1.1 APAC Peltier Module Components Sales by Region (2020-2025)
6.1.2 APAC Peltier Module Components Revenue by Region (2020-2025)
6.2 APAC Peltier Module Components Sales by Type (2020-2025)
6.3 APAC Peltier Module Components Sales by Application (2020-2025)
6.4 China
6.5 Japan
6.6 South Korea
6.7 Southeast Asia
6.8 India
6.9 Australia
6.10 China Taiwan
7 Europe
7.1 Europe Peltier Module Components by Country
7.1.1 Europe Peltier Module Components Sales by Country (2020-2025)
7.1.2 Europe Peltier Module Components Revenue by Country (2020-2025)
7.2 Europe Peltier Module Components Sales by Type (2020-2025)
7.3 Europe Peltier Module Components Sales by Application (2020-2025)
7.4 Germany
7.5 France
7.6 UK
7.7 Italy
7.8 Russia
8 Middle East & Africa
8.1 Middle East & Africa Peltier Module Components by Country
8.1.1 Middle East & Africa Peltier Module Components Sales by Country (2020-2025)
8.1.2 Middle East & Africa Peltier Module Components Revenue by Country (2020-2025)
8.2 Middle East & Africa Peltier Module Components Sales by Type (2020-2025)
8.3 Middle East & Africa Peltier Module Components Sales by Application (2020-2025)
8.4 Egypt
8.5 South Africa
8.6 Israel
8.7 Turkey
8.8 GCC Countries
9 Market Drivers, Challenges and Trends
9.1 Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities
9.2 Market Challenges & Risks
9.3 Industry Trends
10 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
10.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
10.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Peltier Module Components
10.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Peltier Module Components
10.4 Industry Chain Structure of Peltier Module Components
11 Marketing, Distributors and Customer
11.1 Sales Channel
11.1.1 Direct Channels
11.1.2 Indirect Channels
11.2 Peltier Module Components Distributors
11.3 Peltier Module Components Customer
12 World Forecast Review for Peltier Module Components by Geographic Region
12.1 Global Peltier Module Components Market Size Forecast by Region
12.1.1 Global Peltier Module Components Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
12.1.2 Global Peltier Module Components Annual Revenue Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
12.2 Americas Forecast by Country (2026-2031)
12.3 APAC Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
12.4 Europe Forecast by Country (2026-2031)
12.5 Middle East & Africa Forecast by Country (2026-2031)
12.6 Global Peltier Module Components Forecast by Type (2026-2031)
12.7 Global Peltier Module Components Forecast by Application (2026-2031)
13 Key Players Analysis
13.1 Ferrotec
13.1.1 Ferrotec Company Information
13.1.2 Ferrotec Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.1.3 Ferrotec Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.1.4 Ferrotec Main Business Overview
13.1.5 Ferrotec Latest Developments
13.2 碍贰尝碍听尝迟诲.(碍辞尘补迟蝉耻)
13.2.1 碍贰尝碍听尝迟诲.(碍辞尘补迟蝉耻) Company Information
13.2.2 碍贰尝碍听尝迟诲.(碍辞尘补迟蝉耻) Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.2.3 碍贰尝碍听尝迟诲.(碍辞尘补迟蝉耻) Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.2.4 碍贰尝碍听尝迟诲.(碍辞尘补迟蝉耻) Main Business Overview
13.2.5 碍贰尝碍听尝迟诲.(碍辞尘补迟蝉耻) Latest Developments
13.3 Coherent Corp (formerly II-VI Incorporated)
13.3.1 Coherent Corp (formerly II-VI Incorporated) Company Information
13.3.2 Coherent Corp (formerly II-VI Incorporated) Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.3.3 Coherent Corp (formerly II-VI Incorporated) Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.3.4 Coherent Corp (formerly II-VI Incorporated) Main Business Overview
13.3.5 Coherent Corp (formerly II-VI Incorporated) Latest Developments
13.4 Laird Thermal Systems
13.4.1 Laird Thermal Systems Company Information
13.4.2 Laird Thermal Systems Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.4.3 Laird Thermal Systems Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.4.4 Laird Thermal Systems Main Business Overview
13.4.5 Laird Thermal Systems Latest Developments
13.5 Z-MAX
13.5.1 Z-MAX Company Information
13.5.2 Z-MAX Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.5.3 Z-MAX Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.5.4 Z-MAX Main Business Overview
13.5.5 Z-MAX Latest Developments
13.6 KJLP
13.6.1 KJLP Company Information
13.6.2 KJLP Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.6.3 KJLP Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.6.4 KJLP Main Business Overview
13.6.5 KJLP Latest Developments
13.7 Thermion Company
13.7.1 Thermion Company Company Information
13.7.2 Thermion Company Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.7.3 Thermion Company Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.7.4 Thermion Company Main Business Overview
13.7.5 Thermion Company Latest Developments
13.8 Phononic
13.8.1 Phononic Company Information
13.8.2 Phononic Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.8.3 Phononic Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.8.4 Phononic Main Business Overview
13.8.5 Phononic Latest Developments
13.9 Guangdong Fuxin Technology
13.9.1 Guangdong Fuxin Technology Company Information
13.9.2 Guangdong Fuxin Technology Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.9.3 Guangdong Fuxin Technology Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.9.4 Guangdong Fuxin Technology Main Business Overview
13.9.5 Guangdong Fuxin Technology Latest Developments
13.10 KYOCERA
13.10.1 KYOCERA Company Information
13.10.2 KYOCERA Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.10.3 KYOCERA Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.10.4 KYOCERA Main Business Overview
13.10.5 KYOCERA Latest Developments
13.11 Thermonamic Electronics
13.11.1 Thermonamic Electronics Company Information
13.11.2 Thermonamic Electronics Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.11.3 Thermonamic Electronics Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.11.4 Thermonamic Electronics Main Business Overview
13.11.5 Thermonamic Electronics Latest Developments
13.12 TE Technology
13.12.1 TE Technology Company Information
13.12.2 TE Technology Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.12.3 TE Technology Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.12.4 TE Technology Main Business Overview
13.12.5 TE Technology Latest Developments
13.13 Same Sky (formerly CUI Devices)
13.13.1 Same Sky (formerly CUI Devices) Company Information
13.13.2 Same Sky (formerly CUI Devices) Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.13.3 Same Sky (formerly CUI Devices) Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.13.4 Same Sky (formerly CUI Devices) Main Business Overview
13.13.5 Same Sky (formerly CUI Devices) Latest Developments
13.14 Kryotherm Industries
13.14.1 Kryotherm Industries Company Information
13.14.2 Kryotherm Industries Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.14.3 Kryotherm Industries Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.14.4 Kryotherm Industries Main Business Overview
13.14.5 Kryotherm Industries Latest Developments
13.15 Crystal Ltd
13.15.1 Crystal Ltd Company Information
13.15.2 Crystal Ltd Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.15.3 Crystal Ltd Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.15.4 Crystal Ltd Main Business Overview
13.15.5 Crystal Ltd Latest Developments
13.16 Merit Technology Group
13.16.1 Merit Technology Group Company Information
13.16.2 Merit Technology Group Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.16.3 Merit Technology Group Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.16.4 Merit Technology Group Main Business Overview
13.16.5 Merit Technology Group Latest Developments
13.17 Wakefield Thermal
13.17.1 Wakefield Thermal Company Information
13.17.2 Wakefield Thermal Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.17.3 Wakefield Thermal Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.17.4 Wakefield Thermal Main Business Overview
13.17.5 Wakefield Thermal Latest Developments
13.18 Pelonis Technologies
13.18.1 Pelonis Technologies Company Information
13.18.2 Pelonis Technologies Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.18.3 Pelonis Technologies Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.18.4 Pelonis Technologies Main Business Overview
13.18.5 Pelonis Technologies Latest Developments
13.19 Zhejiang Wangu Semiconductor
13.19.1 Zhejiang Wangu Semiconductor Company Information
13.19.2 Zhejiang Wangu Semiconductor Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.19.3 Zhejiang Wangu Semiconductor Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.19.4 Zhejiang Wangu Semiconductor Main Business Overview
13.19.5 Zhejiang Wangu Semiconductor Latest Developments
13.20 P&N Technology
13.20.1 P&N Technology Company Information
13.20.2 P&N Technology Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.20.3 P&N Technology Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.20.4 P&N Technology Main Business Overview
13.20.5 P&N Technology Latest Developments
13.21 JiangXi Arctic Industrial
13.21.1 JiangXi Arctic Industrial Company Information
13.21.2 JiangXi Arctic Industrial Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.21.3 JiangXi Arctic Industrial Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.21.4 JiangXi Arctic Industrial Main Business Overview
13.21.5 JiangXi Arctic Industrial Latest Developments
13.22 Henan Hongchang Electronic
13.22.1 Henan Hongchang Electronic Company Information
13.22.2 Henan Hongchang Electronic Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.22.3 Henan Hongchang Electronic Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.22.4 Henan Hongchang Electronic Main Business Overview
13.22.5 Henan Hongchang Electronic Latest Developments
13.23 Wei County Zhongtian Electron Stock Cooperative
13.23.1 Wei County Zhongtian Electron Stock Cooperative Company Information
13.23.2 Wei County Zhongtian Electron Stock Cooperative Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.23.3 Wei County Zhongtian Electron Stock Cooperative Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.23.4 Wei County Zhongtian Electron Stock Cooperative Main Business Overview
13.23.5 Wei County Zhongtian Electron Stock Cooperative Latest Developments
13.24 Beijing Xinyu Kaimeng Electronic Technology
13.24.1 Beijing Xinyu Kaimeng Electronic Technology Company Information
13.24.2 Beijing Xinyu Kaimeng Electronic Technology Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.24.3 Beijing Xinyu Kaimeng Electronic Technology Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.24.4 Beijing Xinyu Kaimeng Electronic Technology Main Business Overview
13.24.5 Beijing Xinyu Kaimeng Electronic Technology Latest Developments
13.25 Beijing Huimao Refrigeration Equipment
13.25.1 Beijing Huimao Refrigeration Equipment Company Information
13.25.2 Beijing Huimao Refrigeration Equipment Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.25.3 Beijing Huimao Refrigeration Equipment Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.25.4 Beijing Huimao Refrigeration Equipment Main Business Overview
13.25.5 Beijing Huimao Refrigeration Equipment Latest Developments
13.26 Hangzhou Aurin Cooling Device
13.26.1 Hangzhou Aurin Cooling Device Company Information
13.26.2 Hangzhou Aurin Cooling Device Peltier Module Components Product Portfolios and Specifications
13.26.3 Hangzhou Aurin Cooling Device Peltier Module Components Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
13.26.4 Hangzhou Aurin Cooling Device Main Business Overview
13.26.5 Hangzhou Aurin Cooling Device Latest Developments
14 Research Findings and Conclusion
听
听
*If Applicable.
