
Embedded Motherboard is an integral part of a larger system that performs a particular task and consists of a microprocessor or a microcontroller, which acts as the processing core.
Embedded Motherboard is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts and it is dedicated to the functions of that device. Also referred to as microcontrollers, Embedded Motherboard has been used in Medical machinery, motor vehicles, application Defense & Aerospace, Communications, Medical, Automations &Control, and Automotive& Transport. Embedded Motherboard is devoted to performing specific tasks and is used in communication, entertainment, science and technology.
Market Analysis and Insights: Global Embedded Motherboard Market
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the global Embedded Motherboard market size is estimated to be worth US$ 3458 million in 2022 and is forecast to a readjusted size of US$ 4292.8 million by 2029 with a CAGR of 3.1% during the forecast period 2023-2029. Fully considering the economic change by this health crisis, ARM accounting for % of the Embedded Motherboard global market in 2022, is projected to value US$ million by 2029, growing at a revised % CAGR from 2023 to 2029. While Defense and Aerospace segment is altered to an % CAGR throughout this forecast period.
Global Embedded Motherboard key players include Advantech, Kontron, DFI, Axiomtek Co.,Ltd., etc. Global top four manufacturers hold a share about 15%.
Europe is the largest market, with a share about 30%, followed by China, and USA, both have a share about 40 percent.
In terms of product, X86 is the largest segment, with a share over 60%. And in terms of application, the largest application is Automations and Control, followed by Defense and Aerospace, Communications, Automotive and Transport, etc.
Global Embedded Motherboard Scope and Market Size
The global Embedded Motherboard market is segmented by company, region (country), type and application. Players, stakeholders, and other participants in the global Embedded Motherboard market will be able to gain the upper hand as they use the report as a powerful resource. The segmental analysis focuses on sales, revenue and forecast by region (country), type and application for the period 2018-2029.
Segment by Type
ARM
X86
PowerPC
Others
Segment by Application
Defense and Aerospace
Communications
Medical
Automotive and Transport
Automations and Control
Others
By Region
United States
Europe
China
Japan
Southeast Asia
India
Other Regions
By Company
Advantech
Kontron
Abaco
Artesyn Embedded
Curtiss Wright Controls
ADLINK
DFI
MSC Technologies
Congatec AG
Axiomtek Co.,Ltd.
Portwell
Radisys
Avalue Technology
Mercury Systems
IEI
Data Modul
AAEON
Digi International
Fastwel
ASRock
NEXCOM
ARBOR Technology
Fujitsu
EVOC Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd.
BittWare
Eurotech
MiTAC
One Stop Systems
General Micro Sys
Premio Inc.
Trenton Systems
B-PLUS GMBH
BCM
Corvalent
Please Note - This is an on demand report and will be delivered in 2 business days (48 hours) post payment.
1 Embedded Motherboard Market Overview
1.1 Embedded Motherboard Product Scope
1.2 Embedded Motherboard Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Embedded Motherboard Sales by Type (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
1.2.2 ARM
1.2.3 X86
1.2.4 PowerPC
1.2.5 Others
1.3 Embedded Motherboard Segment by Application
1.3.1 Global Embedded Motherboard Sales Comparison by Application (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
1.3.2 Defense and Aerospace
1.3.3 Communications
1.3.4 Medical
1.3.5 Automotive and Transport
1.3.6 Automations and Control
1.3.7 Others
1.4 Embedded Motherboard Market Estimates and Forecasts (2018-2029)
1.4.1 Global Embedded Motherboard Market Size in Value Growth Rate (2018-2029)
1.4.2 Global Embedded Motherboard Market Size in Volume Growth Rate (2018-2029)
1.4.3 Global Embedded Motherboard Price Trends (2018-2029)
2 Embedded Motherboard Estimates and Forecasts by Region
2.1 Global Embedded Motherboard Market Size by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
2.2 Global Embedded Motherboard Retrospective Market Scenario by Region (2018-2023)
2.2.1 Global Embedded Motherboard Sales Market Share by Region (2018-2023)
2.2.2 Global Embedded Motherboard Revenue Market Share by Region (2018-2023)
2.3 Global Embedded Motherboard Market Estimates and Forecasts by Region (2024-2029)
2.3.1 Global Embedded Motherboard Sales Estimates and Forecasts by Region (2024-2029)
2.3.2 Global Embedded Motherboard Revenue Forecast by Region (2024-2029)
2.4 Geographic Market Analysis: Market Facts & Figures
2.4.1 United States Embedded Motherboard Estimates and Projections (2018-2029)
2.4.2 Europe Embedded Motherboard Estimates and Projections (2018-2029)
2.4.3 China Embedded Motherboard Estimates and Projections (2018-2029)
2.4.4 Japan Embedded Motherboard Estimates and Projections (2018-2029)
2.4.5 Southeast Asia Embedded Motherboard Estimates and Projections (2018-2029)
2.4.6 India Embedded Motherboard Estimates and Projections (2018-2029)
3 Global Embedded Motherboard Competition Landscape by Players
3.1 Global Top Embedded Motherboard Players by Sales (2018-2023)
3.2 Global Top Embedded Motherboard Players by Revenue (2018-2023)
3.3 Global Embedded Motherboard Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Embedded Motherboard as of 2022)
3.4 Global Embedded Motherboard Average Price by Company (2018-2023)
3.5 Manufacturers Embedded Motherboard Manufacturing Sites, Area Served, Product Type
3.6 Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Global Embedded Motherboard Market Size by Type
4.1 Global Embedded Motherboard Historic Market Review by Type (2018-2023)
4.1.1 Global Embedded Motherboard Sales by Type (2018-2023)
4.1.2 Global Embedded Motherboard Revenue by Type (2018-2023)
4.1.3 Global Embedded Motherboard Price by Type (2018-2023)
4.2 Global Embedded Motherboard Market Estimates and Forecasts by Type (2024-2029)
4.2.1 Global Embedded Motherboard Sales Forecast by Type (2024-2029)
4.2.2 Global Embedded Motherboard Revenue Forecast by Type (2024-2029)
4.2.3 Global Embedded Motherboard Price Forecast by Type (2024-2029)
5 Global Embedded Motherboard Market Size by Application
5.1 Global Embedded Motherboard Historic Market Review by Application (2018-2023)
5.1.1 Global Embedded Motherboard Sales by Application (2018-2023)
5.1.2 Global Embedded Motherboard Revenue by Application (2018-2023)
5.1.3 Global Embedded Motherboard Price by Application (2018-2023)
5.2 Global Embedded Motherboard Market Estimates and Forecasts by Application (2024-2029)
5.2.1 Global Embedded Motherboard Sales Forecast by Application (2024-2029)
5.2.2 Global Embedded Motherboard Revenue Forecast by Application (2024-2029)
5.2.3 Global Embedded Motherboard Price Forecast by Application (2024-2029)
6 United States Embedded Motherboard Market Facts & Figures
6.1 United States Embedded Motherboard Sales by Company
6.1.1 United States Embedded Motherboard Sales by Company (2018-2023)
6.1.2 United States Embedded Motherboard Revenue by Company (2018-2023)
6.2 United States Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Type
6.2.1 United States Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Type (2018-2023)
6.2.2 United States Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Type (2024-2029)
6.3 United States Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Application
6.3.1 United States Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Application (2018-2023)
6.3.2 United States Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Application (2024-2029)
7 Europe Embedded Motherboard Market Facts & Figures
7.1 Europe Embedded Motherboard Sales by Company
7.1.1 Europe Embedded Motherboard Sales by Company (2018-2023)
7.1.2 Europe Embedded Motherboard Revenue by Company (2018-2023)
7.2 Europe Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Type
7.2.1 Europe Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Type (2018-2023)
7.2.2 Europe Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Type (2024-2029)
7.3 Europe Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Application
7.3.1 Europe Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Application (2018-2023)
7.3.2 Europe Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Application (2024-2029)
8 China Embedded Motherboard Market Facts & Figures
8.1 China Embedded Motherboard Sales by Company
8.1.1 China Embedded Motherboard Sales by Company (2018-2023)
8.1.2 China Embedded Motherboard Revenue by Company (2018-2023)
8.2 China Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Type
8.2.1 China Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Type (2018-2023)
8.2.2 China Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Type (2024-2029)
8.3 China Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Application
8.3.1 China Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Application (2018-2023)
8.3.2 China Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Application (2024-2029)
9 Japan Embedded Motherboard Market Facts & Figures
9.1 Japan Embedded Motherboard Sales by Company
9.1.1 Japan Embedded Motherboard Sales by Company (2018-2023)
9.1.2 Japan Embedded Motherboard Revenue by Company (2018-2023)
9.2 Japan Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Type
9.2.1 Japan Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Type (2018-2023)
9.2.2 Japan Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Type (2024-2029)
9.3 Japan Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Application
9.3.1 Japan Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Application (2018-2023)
9.3.2 Japan Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Application (2024-2029)
10 Southeast Asia Embedded Motherboard Market Facts & Figures
10.1 Southeast Asia Embedded Motherboard Sales by Company
10.1.1 Southeast Asia Embedded Motherboard Sales by Company (2018-2023)
10.1.2 Southeast Asia Embedded Motherboard Revenue by Company (2018-2023)
10.2 Southeast Asia Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Type
10.2.1 Southeast Asia Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Type (2018-2023)
10.2.2 Southeast Asia Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Type (2024-2029)
10.3 Southeast Asia Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Application
10.3.1 Southeast Asia Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Application (2018-2023)
10.3.2 Southeast Asia Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Application (2024-2029)
11 India Embedded Motherboard Market Facts & Figures
11.1 India Embedded Motherboard Sales by Company
11.1.1 India Embedded Motherboard Sales by Company (2018-2023)
11.1.2 India Embedded Motherboard Revenue by Company (2018-2023)
11.2 India Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Type
11.2.1 India Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Type (2018-2023)
11.2.2 India Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Type (2024-2029)
11.3 India Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Application
11.3.1 India Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Application (2018-2023)
11.3.2 India Embedded Motherboard Sales Breakdown by Application (2024-2029)
12 Company Profiles and Key Figures in Embedded Motherboard Business
12.1 Advantech
12.1.1 Advantech Corporation Information
12.1.2 Advantech Business Overview
12.1.3 Advantech Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.1.4 Advantech Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.1.5 Advantech Recent Development
12.2 Kontron
12.2.1 Kontron Corporation Information
12.2.2 Kontron Business Overview
12.2.3 Kontron Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.2.4 Kontron Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.2.5 Kontron Recent Development
12.3 Abaco
12.3.1 Abaco Corporation Information
12.3.2 Abaco Business Overview
12.3.3 Abaco Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.3.4 Abaco Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.3.5 Abaco Recent Development
12.4 Artesyn Embedded
12.4.1 Artesyn Embedded Corporation Information
12.4.2 Artesyn Embedded Business Overview
12.4.3 Artesyn Embedded Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.4.4 Artesyn Embedded Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.4.5 Artesyn Embedded Recent Development
12.5 Curtiss Wright Controls
12.5.1 Curtiss Wright Controls Corporation Information
12.5.2 Curtiss Wright Controls Business Overview
12.5.3 Curtiss Wright Controls Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.5.4 Curtiss Wright Controls Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.5.5 Curtiss Wright Controls Recent Development
12.6 ADLINK
12.6.1 ADLINK Corporation Information
12.6.2 ADLINK Business Overview
12.6.3 ADLINK Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.6.4 ADLINK Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.6.5 ADLINK Recent Development
12.7 DFI
12.7.1 DFI Corporation Information
12.7.2 DFI Business Overview
12.7.3 DFI Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.7.4 DFI Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.7.5 DFI Recent Development
12.8 MSC Technologies
12.8.1 MSC Technologies Corporation Information
12.8.2 MSC Technologies Business Overview
12.8.3 MSC Technologies Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.8.4 MSC Technologies Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.8.5 MSC Technologies Recent Development
12.9 Congatec AG
12.9.1 Congatec AG Corporation Information
12.9.2 Congatec AG Business Overview
12.9.3 Congatec AG Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.9.4 Congatec AG Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.9.5 Congatec AG Recent Development
12.10 Axiomtek Co.,Ltd.
12.10.1 Axiomtek Co.,Ltd. Corporation Information
12.10.2 Axiomtek Co.,Ltd. Business Overview
12.10.3 Axiomtek Co.,Ltd. Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.10.4 Axiomtek Co.,Ltd. Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.10.5 Axiomtek Co.,Ltd. Recent Development
12.11 Portwell
12.11.1 Portwell Corporation Information
12.11.2 Portwell Business Overview
12.11.3 Portwell Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.11.4 Portwell Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.11.5 Portwell Recent Development
12.12 Radisys
12.12.1 Radisys Corporation Information
12.12.2 Radisys Business Overview
12.12.3 Radisys Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.12.4 Radisys Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.12.5 Radisys Recent Development
12.13 Avalue Technology
12.13.1 Avalue Technology Corporation Information
12.13.2 Avalue Technology Business Overview
12.13.3 Avalue Technology Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.13.4 Avalue Technology Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.13.5 Avalue Technology Recent Development
12.14 Mercury Systems
12.14.1 Mercury Systems Corporation Information
12.14.2 Mercury Systems Business Overview
12.14.3 Mercury Systems Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.14.4 Mercury Systems Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.14.5 Mercury Systems Recent Development
12.15 IEI
12.15.1 IEI Corporation Information
12.15.2 IEI Business Overview
12.15.3 IEI Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.15.4 IEI Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.15.5 IEI Recent Development
12.16 Data Modul
12.16.1 Data Modul Corporation Information
12.16.2 Data Modul Business Overview
12.16.3 Data Modul Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.16.4 Data Modul Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.16.5 Data Modul Recent Development
12.17 AAEON
12.17.1 AAEON Corporation Information
12.17.2 AAEON Business Overview
12.17.3 AAEON Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.17.4 AAEON Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.17.5 AAEON Recent Development
12.18 Digi International
12.18.1 Digi International Corporation Information
12.18.2 Digi International Business Overview
12.18.3 Digi International Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.18.4 Digi International Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.18.5 Digi International Recent Development
12.19 Fastwel
12.19.1 Fastwel Corporation Information
12.19.2 Fastwel Business Overview
12.19.3 Fastwel Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.19.4 Fastwel Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.19.5 Fastwel Recent Development
12.20 ASRock
12.20.1 ASRock Corporation Information
12.20.2 ASRock Business Overview
12.20.3 ASRock Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.20.4 ASRock Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.20.5 ASRock Recent Development
12.21 NEXCOM
12.21.1 NEXCOM Corporation Information
12.21.2 NEXCOM Business Overview
12.21.3 NEXCOM Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.21.4 NEXCOM Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.21.5 NEXCOM Recent Development
12.22 ARBOR Technology
12.22.1 ARBOR Technology Corporation Information
12.22.2 ARBOR Technology Business Overview
12.22.3 ARBOR Technology Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.22.4 ARBOR Technology Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.22.5 ARBOR Technology Recent Development
12.23 Fujitsu
12.23.1 Fujitsu Corporation Information
12.23.2 Fujitsu Business Overview
12.23.3 Fujitsu Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.23.4 Fujitsu Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.23.5 Fujitsu Recent Development
12.24 EVOC Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd.
12.24.1 EVOC Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd. Corporation Information
12.24.2 EVOC Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd. Business Overview
12.24.3 EVOC Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd. Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.24.4 EVOC Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd. Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.24.5 EVOC Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd. Recent Development
12.25 BittWare
12.25.1 BittWare Corporation Information
12.25.2 BittWare Business Overview
12.25.3 BittWare Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.25.4 BittWare Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.25.5 BittWare Recent Development
12.26 Eurotech
12.26.1 Eurotech Corporation Information
12.26.2 Eurotech Business Overview
12.26.3 Eurotech Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.26.4 Eurotech Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.26.5 Eurotech Recent Development
12.27 MiTAC
12.27.1 MiTAC Corporation Information
12.27.2 MiTAC Business Overview
12.27.3 MiTAC Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.27.4 MiTAC Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.27.5 MiTAC Recent Development
12.28 One Stop Systems
12.28.1 One Stop Systems Corporation Information
12.28.2 One Stop Systems Business Overview
12.28.3 One Stop Systems Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.28.4 One Stop Systems Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.28.5 One Stop Systems Recent Development
12.29 General Micro Sys
12.29.1 General Micro Sys Corporation Information
12.29.2 General Micro Sys Business Overview
12.29.3 General Micro Sys Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.29.4 General Micro Sys Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.29.5 General Micro Sys Recent Development
12.30 Premio Inc.
12.30.1 Premio Inc. Corporation Information
12.30.2 Premio Inc. Business Overview
12.30.3 Premio Inc. Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.30.4 Premio Inc. Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.30.5 Premio Inc. Recent Development
12.31 Trenton Systems
12.31.1 Trenton Systems Corporation Information
12.31.2 Trenton Systems Business Overview
12.31.3 Trenton Systems Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.31.4 Trenton Systems Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.31.5 Trenton Systems Recent Development
12.32 B-PLUS GMBH
12.32.1 B-PLUS GMBH Corporation Information
12.32.2 B-PLUS GMBH Business Overview
12.32.3 B-PLUS GMBH Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.32.4 B-PLUS GMBH Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.32.5 B-PLUS GMBH Recent Development
12.33 BCM
12.33.1 BCM Corporation Information
12.33.2 BCM Business Overview
12.33.3 BCM Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.33.4 BCM Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.33.5 BCM Recent Development
12.34 Corvalent
12.34.1 Corvalent Corporation Information
12.34.2 Corvalent Business Overview
12.34.3 Corvalent Embedded Motherboard Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
12.34.4 Corvalent Embedded Motherboard Products Offered
12.34.5 Corvalent Recent Development
13 Embedded Motherboard Manufacturing Cost Analysis
13.1 Embedded Motherboard Key Raw Materials Analysis
13.1.1 Key Raw Materials
13.1.2 Key Raw Materials Price Trend
13.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
13.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
13.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Embedded Motherboard
13.4 Embedded Motherboard Industrial Chain Analysis
14 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers
14.1 Marketing Channel
14.2 Embedded Motherboard Distributors List
14.3 Embedded Motherboard Customers
15 Market Dynamics
15.1 Embedded Motherboard Industry Trends
15.2 Embedded Motherboard Market Drivers
15.3 Embedded Motherboard Market Challenges
15.4 Embedded Motherboard Market Restraints
16 Research Findings and Conclusion
17 Appendix
17.1 Research Methodology
17.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
17.1.2 Data Source
17.2 Author List
17.3 Disclaimer
Advantech
Kontron
Abaco
Artesyn Embedded
Curtiss Wright Controls
ADLINK
DFI
MSC Technologies
Congatec AG
Axiomtek Co.,Ltd.
Portwell
Radisys
Avalue Technology
Mercury Systems
IEI
Data Modul
AAEON
Digi International
Fastwel
ASRock
NEXCOM
ARBOR Technology
Fujitsu
EVOC Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd.
BittWare
Eurotech
MiTAC
One Stop Systems
General Micro Sys
Premio Inc.
Trenton Systems
B-PLUS GMBH
BCM
Corvalent
Ìý
Ìý
*If Applicable.
