
Indoor environment sensors are devices that are used to monitor and measure various parameters of the indoor environment. These sensors are typically installed in buildings, homes, offices, or other indoor spaces to ensure the comfort, health, and safety of occupants. Some common types of indoor environment sensors include:
1. Temperature sensors: These sensors measure the ambient temperature of the indoor space. They are used to maintain a comfortable temperature and control heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.
2. Humidity sensors: Humidity sensors measure the moisture content in the air. They help maintain optimal humidity levels for comfort and prevent issues such as mold growth or excessive dryness.
3. Carbon dioxide (CO2) sensors: CO2 sensors monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air. High levels of CO2 can indicate poor ventilation and can lead to discomfort, drowsiness, or even health problems. These sensors are commonly used in buildings to ensure adequate ventilation.
4. Air quality sensors: Air quality sensors measure various pollutants and contaminants in the indoor air, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter, or gases like carbon monoxide (CO). They help identify and mitigate potential health risks and ensure a healthy indoor environment.
5. Light sensors: Light sensors measure the intensity of light in an indoor space. They are used to control lighting systems, optimize energy usage, and provide appropriate lighting levels for different activities.
6. Noise sensors: Noise sensors measure the ambient noise levels in an indoor environment. They can help identify excessive noise levels that may affect occupant comfort or indicate potential issues with noise pollution.
7. Occupancy sensors: Occupancy sensors detect the presence or absence of people in a room or area. They are used to control lighting, HVAC systems, or security systems, ensuring energy efficiency and occupant comfort.
These sensors can be standalone devices or integrated into building automation systems to provide real-time data, enable remote monitoring and control, and facilitate data analysis for better indoor environment management.
The global Indoor Environment Sensors market was valued at US$ 6120 million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach US$ 9705.2 million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of 6.8% during the forecast period 2024-2030.
North American market for Indoor Environment Sensors is estimated to increase from $ million in 2023 to reach $ million by 2030, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2024 through 2030.
Asia-Pacific market for Indoor Environment Sensors is estimated to increase from $ million in 2023 to reach $ million by 2030, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2024 through 2030.
The major global manufacturers of Indoor Environment Sensors include Honeywell, Siemens, Johnson Controls, Schneider Electric, HS Control & Systems, Pressac, LSI LASTEM, OpenSensors and Halton, etc. In 2023, the world's top three vendors accounted for approximately % of the revenue.
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Indoor Environment Sensors, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Indoor Environment Sensors.
Report Scope
The Indoor Environment Sensors market size, estimations, and forecasts are provided in terms of output/shipments (K Units) and revenue ($ millions), considering 2023 as the base year, with history and forecast data for the period from 2019 to 2030. This report segments the global Indoor Environment Sensors market comprehensively. Regional market sizes, concerning products by Type, by Application, and by players, are also provided.
For a more in-depth understanding of the market, the report provides profiles of the competitive landscape, key competitors, and their respective market ranks. The report also discusses technological trends and new product developments.
The report will help the Indoor Environment Sensors manufacturers, new entrants, and industry chain related companies in this market with information on the revenues, production, and average price for the overall market and the sub-segments across the different segments, by company, by Type, by Application, and by regions.
Market Segmentation
By Company
Honeywell
Siemens
Johnson Controls
Schneider Electric
HS Control & Systems
Pressac
LSI LASTEM
OpenSensors
Halton
Renesas Electronics
Infineon Technologies
Agrowtek
Berkeley Lab
Vicotee
Zhengzhou Winsen Electronics Technology
MCCI
JJS Technical Services
Arwin Technology
Metriful
uHoo
VELUX
NorthQ
Temco Controls
FMS Integration
Enginko
Segment by Type
Temperature
Humidity
Illuminance
Thermal Flow
Gas
Segment by Application
Factory
The Mall
Office Building
Residential Building
Production by Region
North America
Europe
China
Japan
South Korea
Consumption by Region
North America
United States
Canada
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
China Taiwan
Southeast Asia
India
Latin America, Middle East & Africa
Mexico
Brazil
Turkey
GCC Countries
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Introduces the report scope of the report, executive summary of different market segments (by region, by Type, by Application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term.
Chapter 2: Detailed analysis of Indoor Environment Sensors manufacturers competitive landscape, price, production and value market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 3: Production/output, value of Indoor Environment Sensors by region/country. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region in the next six years.
Chapter 4: Consumption of Indoor Environment Sensors in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and production of each country in the world.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 6: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product production/output, value, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 9: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 10: The main points and conclusions of the report.
Please Note - This is an on demand report and will be delivered in 2 business days (48 hours) post payment.
1 Indoor Environment Sensors Market Overview
1.1 Product Definition
1.2 Indoor Environment Sensors Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Market Value Growth Rate Analysis by Type 2023 VS 2030
1.2.2 Temperature
1.2.3 Humidity
1.2.4 Illuminance
1.2.5 Thermal Flow
1.2.6 Gas
1.3 Indoor Environment Sensors Segment by Application
1.3.1 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Market Value Growth Rate Analysis by Application: 2023 VS 2030
1.3.2 Factory
1.3.3 The Mall
1.3.4 Office Building
1.3.5 Residential Building
1.4 Global Market Growth Prospects
1.4.1 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.4.2 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.4.3 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.4.4 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Market Average Price Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.5 Assumptions and Limitations
2 Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
2.2 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production Value Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
2.3 Global Key Players of Indoor Environment Sensors, Industry Ranking, 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
2.4 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
2.5 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Average Price by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
2.6 Global Key Manufacturers of Indoor Environment Sensors, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
2.7 Global Key Manufacturers of Indoor Environment Sensors, Product Offered and Application
2.8 Global Key Manufacturers of Indoor Environment Sensors, Date of Enter into This Industry
2.9 Indoor Environment Sensors Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.9.1 Indoor Environment Sensors Market Concentration Rate
2.9.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Indoor Environment Sensors Players Market Share by Revenue
2.10 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Indoor Environment Sensors Production by Region
3.1 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production Value Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
3.2 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production Value by Region (2019-2030)
3.2.1 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production Value Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
3.2.2 Global Forecasted Production Value of Indoor Environment Sensors by Region (2025-2030)
3.3 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
3.4 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production by Region (2019-2030)
3.4.1 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
3.4.2 Global Forecasted Production of Indoor Environment Sensors by Region (2025-2030)
3.5 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Market Price Analysis by Region (2019-2024)
3.6 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production and Value, Year-over-Year Growth
3.6.1 North America Indoor Environment Sensors Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.2 Europe Indoor Environment Sensors Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.3 China Indoor Environment Sensors Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.4 Japan Indoor Environment Sensors Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.5 South Korea Indoor Environment Sensors Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
4 Indoor Environment Sensors Consumption by Region
4.1 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Consumption Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.2 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Consumption by Region (2019-2030)
4.2.1 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Consumption by Region (2019-2024)
4.2.2 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Forecasted Consumption by Region (2025-2030)
4.3 North America
4.3.1 North America Indoor Environment Sensors Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.3.2 North America Indoor Environment Sensors Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
4.3.3 United States
4.3.4 Canada
4.4 Europe
4.4.1 Europe Indoor Environment Sensors Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.4.2 Europe Indoor Environment Sensors Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
4.4.3 Germany
4.4.4 France
4.4.5 U.K.
4.4.6 Italy
4.4.7 Russia
4.5 Asia Pacific
4.5.1 Asia Pacific Indoor Environment Sensors Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.5.2 Asia Pacific Indoor Environment Sensors Consumption by Region (2019-2030)
4.5.3 China
4.5.4 Japan
4.5.5 South Korea
4.5.6 China Taiwan
4.5.7 Southeast Asia
4.5.8 India
4.6 Latin America, Middle East & Africa
4.6.1 Latin America, Middle East & Africa Indoor Environment Sensors Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.6.2 Latin America, Middle East & Africa Indoor Environment Sensors Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
4.6.3 Mexico
4.6.4 Brazil
4.6.5 Turkey
5 Segment by Type
5.1 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production by Type (2019-2030)
5.1.1 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production by Type (2019-2024)
5.1.2 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production by Type (2025-2030)
5.1.3 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
5.2 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production Value by Type (2019-2030)
5.2.1 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production Value by Type (2019-2024)
5.2.2 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production Value by Type (2025-2030)
5.2.3 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production Value Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
5.3 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Price by Type (2019-2030)
6 Segment by Application
6.1 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production by Application (2019-2030)
6.1.1 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production by Application (2019-2024)
6.1.2 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production by Application (2025-2030)
6.1.3 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
6.2 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production Value by Application (2019-2030)
6.2.1 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production Value by Application (2019-2024)
6.2.2 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production Value by Application (2025-2030)
6.2.3 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Production Value Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
6.3 Global Indoor Environment Sensors Price by Application (2019-2030)
7 Key Companies Profiled
7.1 Honeywell
7.1.1 Honeywell Indoor Environment Sensors Corporation Information
7.1.2 Honeywell Indoor Environment Sensors Product Portfolio
7.1.3 Honeywell Indoor Environment Sensors Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.1.4 Honeywell Main Business and Markets Served
7.1.5 Honeywell Recent Developments/Updates
7.2 Siemens
7.2.1 Siemens Indoor Environment Sensors Corporation Information
7.2.2 Siemens Indoor Environment Sensors Product Portfolio
7.2.3 Siemens Indoor Environment Sensors Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.2.4 Siemens Main Business and Markets Served
7.2.5 Siemens Recent Developments/Updates
7.3 Johnson Controls
7.3.1 Johnson Controls Indoor Environment Sensors Corporation Information
7.3.2 Johnson Controls Indoor Environment Sensors Product Portfolio
7.3.3 Johnson Controls Indoor Environment Sensors Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.3.4 Johnson Controls Main Business and Markets Served
7.3.5 Johnson Controls Recent Developments/Updates
7.4 Schneider Electric
7.4.1 Schneider Electric Indoor Environment Sensors Corporation Information
7.4.2 Schneider Electric Indoor Environment Sensors Product Portfolio
7.4.3 Schneider Electric Indoor Environment Sensors Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.4.4 Schneider Electric Main Business and Markets Served
7.4.5 Schneider Electric Recent Developments/Updates
7.5 HS Control & Systems
7.5.1 HS Control & Systems Indoor Environment Sensors Corporation Information
7.5.2 HS Control & Systems Indoor Environment Sensors Product Portfolio
7.5.3 HS Control & Systems Indoor Environment Sensors Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.5.4 HS Control & Systems Main Business and Markets Served
7.5.5 HS Control & Systems Recent Developments/Updates
7.6 Pressac
7.6.1 Pressac Indoor Environment Sensors Corporation Information
7.6.2 Pressac Indoor Environment Sensors Product Portfolio
7.6.3 Pressac Indoor Environment Sensors Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.6.4 Pressac Main Business and Markets Served
7.6.5 Pressac Recent Developments/Updates
7.7 LSI LASTEM
7.7.1 LSI LASTEM Indoor Environment Sensors Corporation Information
7.7.2 LSI LASTEM Indoor Environment Sensors Product Portfolio
7.7.3 LSI LASTEM Indoor Environment Sensors Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.7.4 LSI LASTEM Main Business and Markets Served
7.7.5 LSI LASTEM Recent Developments/Updates
7.8 OpenSensors
7.8.1 OpenSensors Indoor Environment Sensors Corporation Information
7.8.2 OpenSensors Indoor Environment Sensors Product Portfolio
7.8.3 OpenSensors Indoor Environment Sensors Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.8.4 OpenSensors Main Business and Markets Served
7.7.5 OpenSensors Recent Developments/Updates
7.9 Halton
7.9.1 Halton Indoor Environment Sensors Corporation Information
7.9.2 Halton Indoor Environment Sensors Product Portfolio
7.9.3 Halton Indoor Environment Sensors Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.9.4 Halton Main Business and Markets Served
7.9.5 Halton Recent Developments/Updates
7.10 Renesas Electronics
7.10.1 Renesas Electronics Indoor Environment Sensors Corporation Information
7.10.2 Renesas Electronics Indoor Environment Sensors Product Portfolio
7.10.3 Renesas Electronics Indoor Environment Sensors Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.10.4 Renesas Electronics Main Business and Markets Served
7.10.5 Renesas Electronics Recent Developments/Updates
7.11 Infineon Technologies
7.11.1 Infineon Technologies Indoor Environment Sensors Corporation Information
7.11.2 Infineon Technologies Indoor Environment Sensors Product Portfolio
7.11.3 Infineon Technologies Indoor Environment Sensors Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.11.4 Infineon Technologies Main Business and Markets Served
7.11.5 Infineon Technologies Recent Developments/Updates
7.12 Agrowtek
7.12.1 Agrowtek Indoor Environment Sensors Corporation Information
7.12.2 Agrowtek Indoor Environment Sensors Product Portfolio
7.12.3 Agrowtek Indoor Environment Sensors Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.12.4 Agrowtek Main Business and Markets Served
7.12.5 Agrowtek Recent Developments/Updates
7.13 Berkeley Lab
7.13.1 Berkeley Lab Indoor Environment Sensors Corporation Information
7.13.2 Berkeley Lab Indoor Environment Sensors Product Portfolio
7.13.3 Berkeley Lab Indoor Environment Sensors Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.13.4 Berkeley Lab Main Business and Markets Served
7.13.5 Berkeley Lab Recent Developments/Updates
7.14 Vicotee
7.14.1 Vicotee Indoor Environment Sensors Corporation Information
7.14.2 Vicotee Indoor Environment Sensors Product Portfolio
7.14.3 Vicotee Indoor Environment Sensors Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.14.4 Vicotee Main Business and Markets Served
7.14.5 Vicotee Recent Developments/Updates
7.15 Zhengzhou Winsen Electronics Technology
7.15.1 Zhengzhou Winsen Electronics Technology Indoor Environment Sensors Corporation Information
7.15.2 Zhengzhou Winsen Electronics Technology Indoor Environment Sensors Product Portfolio
7.15.3 Zhengzhou Winsen Electronics Technology Indoor Environment Sensors Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.15.4 Zhengzhou Winsen Electronics Technology Main Business and Markets Served
7.15.5 Zhengzhou Winsen Electronics Technology Recent Developments/Updates
7.16 MCCI
7.16.1 MCCI Indoor Environment Sensors Corporation Information
7.16.2 MCCI Indoor Environment Sensors Product Portfolio
7.16.3 MCCI Indoor Environment Sensors Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.16.4 MCCI Main Business and Markets Served
7.16.5 MCCI Recent Developments/Updates
7.17 JJS Technical Services
7.17.1 JJS Technical Services Indoor Environment Sensors Corporation Information
7.17.2 JJS Technical Services Indoor Environment Sensors Product Portfolio
7.17.3 JJS Technical Services Indoor Environment Sensors Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.17.4 JJS Technical Services Main Business and Markets Served
7.17.5 JJS Technical Services Recent Developments/Updates
7.18 Arwin Technology
7.18.1 Arwin Technology Indoor Environment Sensors Corporation Information
7.18.2 Arwin Technology Indoor Environment Sensors Product Portfolio
7.18.3 Arwin Technology Indoor Environment Sensors Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.18.4 Arwin Technology Main Business and Markets Served
7.18.5 Arwin Technology Recent Developments/Updates
7.19 Metriful
7.19.1 Metriful Indoor Environment Sensors Corporation Information
7.19.2 Metriful Indoor Environment Sensors Product Portfolio
7.19.3 Metriful Indoor Environment Sensors Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.19.4 Metriful Main Business and Markets Served
7.19.5 Metriful Recent Developments/Updates
7.20 uHoo
7.20.1 uHoo Indoor Environment Sensors Corporation Information
7.20.2 uHoo Indoor Environment Sensors Product Portfolio
7.20.3 uHoo Indoor Environment Sensors Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.20.4 uHoo Main Business and Markets Served
7.20.5 uHoo Recent Developments/Updates
7.21 VELUX
7.21.1 VELUX Indoor Environment Sensors Corporation Information
7.21.2 VELUX Indoor Environment Sensors Product Portfolio
7.21.3 VELUX Indoor Environment Sensors Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.21.4 VELUX Main Business and Markets Served
7.21.5 VELUX Recent Developments/Updates
7.22 NorthQ
7.22.1 NorthQ Indoor Environment Sensors Corporation Information
7.22.2 NorthQ Indoor Environment Sensors Product Portfolio
7.22.3 NorthQ Indoor Environment Sensors Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.22.4 NorthQ Main Business and Markets Served
7.22.5 NorthQ Recent Developments/Updates
7.23 Temco Controls
7.23.1 Temco Controls Indoor Environment Sensors Corporation Information
7.23.2 Temco Controls Indoor Environment Sensors Product Portfolio
7.23.3 Temco Controls Indoor Environment Sensors Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.23.4 Temco Controls Main Business and Markets Served
7.23.5 Temco Controls Recent Developments/Updates
7.24 FMS Integration
7.24.1 FMS Integration Indoor Environment Sensors Corporation Information
7.24.2 FMS Integration Indoor Environment Sensors Product Portfolio
7.24.3 FMS Integration Indoor Environment Sensors Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.24.4 FMS Integration Main Business and Markets Served
7.24.5 FMS Integration Recent Developments/Updates
7.25 Enginko
7.25.1 Enginko Indoor Environment Sensors Corporation Information
7.25.2 Enginko Indoor Environment Sensors Product Portfolio
7.25.3 Enginko Indoor Environment Sensors Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.25.4 Enginko Main Business and Markets Served
7.25.5 Enginko Recent Developments/Updates
8 Industry Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
8.1 Indoor Environment Sensors Industry Chain Analysis
8.2 Indoor Environment Sensors Key Raw Materials
8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
8.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
8.3 Indoor Environment Sensors Production Mode & Process
8.4 Indoor Environment Sensors Sales and Marketing
8.4.1 Indoor Environment Sensors Sales Channels
8.4.2 Indoor Environment Sensors Distributors
8.5 Indoor Environment Sensors Customers
9 Indoor Environment Sensors Market Dynamics
9.1 Indoor Environment Sensors Industry Trends
9.2 Indoor Environment Sensors Market Drivers
9.3 Indoor Environment Sensors Market Challenges
9.4 Indoor Environment Sensors Market Restraints
10 Research Finding and Conclusion
11 Methodology and Data Source
11.1 Methodology/Research Approach
11.1.1 Research Programs/Design
11.1.2 Market Size Estimation
11.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
11.2 Data Source
11.2.1 Secondary Sources
11.2.2 Primary Sources
11.3 Author List
11.4 Disclaimer
Honeywell
Siemens
Johnson Controls
Schneider Electric
HS Control & Systems
Pressac
LSI LASTEM
OpenSensors
Halton
Renesas Electronics
Infineon Technologies
Agrowtek
Berkeley Lab
Vicotee
Zhengzhou Winsen Electronics Technology
MCCI
JJS Technical Services
Arwin Technology
Metriful
uHoo
VELUX
NorthQ
Temco Controls
FMS Integration
Enginko
Ìý
Ìý
*If Applicable.
