The global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent market was valued at US$ million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach US$ million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of % during the forecast period 2024-2030.
North American market for Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent is estimated to increase from $ million in 2023 to reach $ million by 2030, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2024 through 2030.
Asia-Pacific market for Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent is estimated to increase from $ million in 2023 to reach $ million by 2030, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2024 through 2030.
The major global manufacturers of Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent include Kao Group, Imerys, Nanjing Union Rubber Chemicals, Taizhou Huangyan Donghai Chemical, Fihonor Group, Nanjing Wellt Chemicals, RIKEN VITAMIN, Sinobaltic and ACMOS, etc. In 2023, the world's top three vendors accounted for approximately % of the revenue.
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent.
Report Scope
The Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent market size, estimations, and forecasts are provided in terms of output/shipments (Tons) and revenue ($ millions), considering 2023 as the base year, with history and forecast data for the period from 2019 to 2030. This report segments the global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent market comprehensively. Regional market sizes, concerning products by Type, by Application, and by players, are also provided.
For a more in-depth understanding of the market, the report provides profiles of the competitive landscape, key competitors, and their respective market ranks. The report also discusses technological trends and new product developments.
The report will help the Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent manufacturers, new entrants, and industry chain related companies in this market with information on the revenues, production, and average price for the overall market and the sub-segments across the different segments, by company, by Type, by Application, and by regions.
Market Segmentation
By Company
Kao Group
Imerys
Nanjing Union Rubber Chemicals
Taizhou Huangyan Donghai Chemical
Fihonor Group
Nanjing Wellt Chemicals
RIKEN VITAMIN
Sinobaltic
ACMOS
DOG
D-bond
Ellsworth Adhesives
ZEON
SI Group
Kawaguchi Chemical Laboratory
HRS Co
Shanghai Kayson
Wacker Chemical
Techsil
Anhui Yochon New Materials
Wuhan Jiangling Technology
ICHEMCO
Segment by Type
Rubber Curing Agent
Rubber Processing Agent
Segment by Application
Automotive
Medical
Industrial
Consumer Goods
Production by Region
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Consumption by Region
North America
United States
Canada
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
China Taiwan
Southeast Asia
India
Latin America, Middle East & Africa
Mexico
Brazil
Turkey
GCC Countries
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Introduces the report scope of the report, executive summary of different market segments (by region, by Type, by Application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term.
Chapter 2: Detailed analysis of Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent manufacturers competitive landscape, price, production and value market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 3: Production/output, value of Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent by region/country. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region in the next six years.
Chapter 4: Consumption of Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and production of each country in the world.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 6: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product production/output, value, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 9: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 10: The main points and conclusions of the report.
Please Note - This is an on demand report and will be delivered in 2 business days (48 hours) post payment.
1 Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Market Overview
1.1 Product Definition
1.2 Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Market Value Growth Rate Analysis by Type 2023 VS 2030
1.2.2 Rubber Curing Agent
1.2.3 Rubber Processing Agent
1.3 Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Segment by Application
1.3.1 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Market Value Growth Rate Analysis by Application: 2023 VS 2030
1.3.2 Automotive
1.3.3 Medical
1.3.4 Industrial
1.3.5 Consumer Goods
1.4 Global Market Growth Prospects
1.4.1 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.4.2 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.4.3 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.4.4 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Market Average Price Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
1.5 Assumptions and Limitations
2 Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
2.2 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production Value Market Share by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
2.3 Global Key Players of Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent, Industry Ranking, 2022 VS 2023 VS 2024
2.4 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
2.5 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Average Price by Manufacturers (2019-2024)
2.6 Global Key Manufacturers of Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
2.7 Global Key Manufacturers of Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent, Product Offered and Application
2.8 Global Key Manufacturers of Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent, Date of Enter into This Industry
2.9 Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.9.1 Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Market Concentration Rate
2.9.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Players Market Share by Revenue
2.10 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production by Region
3.1 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production Value Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
3.2 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production Value by Region (2019-2030)
3.2.1 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production Value Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
3.2.2 Global Forecasted Production Value of Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent by Region (2025-2030)
3.3 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
3.4 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production by Region (2019-2030)
3.4.1 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
3.4.2 Global Forecasted Production of Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent by Region (2025-2030)
3.5 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Market Price Analysis by Region (2019-2024)
3.6 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production and Value, Year-over-Year Growth
3.6.1 North America Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.2 Europe Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.3 China Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
3.6.4 Japan Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2019-2030)
4 Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Consumption by Region
4.1 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Consumption Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.2 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Consumption by Region (2019-2030)
4.2.1 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Consumption by Region (2019-2024)
4.2.2 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Forecasted Consumption by Region (2025-2030)
4.3 North America
4.3.1 North America Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.3.2 North America Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
4.3.3 United States
4.3.4 Canada
4.4 Europe
4.4.1 Europe Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.4.2 Europe Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
4.4.3 Germany
4.4.4 France
4.4.5 U.K.
4.4.6 Italy
4.4.7 Russia
4.5 Asia Pacific
4.5.1 Asia Pacific Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.5.2 Asia Pacific Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Consumption by Region (2019-2030)
4.5.3 China
4.5.4 Japan
4.5.5 South Korea
4.5.6 China Taiwan
4.5.7 Southeast Asia
4.5.8 India
4.6 Latin America, Middle East & Africa
4.6.1 Latin America, Middle East & Africa Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
4.6.2 Latin America, Middle East & Africa Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Consumption by Country (2019-2030)
4.6.3 Mexico
4.6.4 Brazil
4.6.5 Turkey
5 Segment by Type
5.1 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production by Type (2019-2030)
5.1.1 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production by Type (2019-2024)
5.1.2 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production by Type (2025-2030)
5.1.3 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
5.2 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production Value by Type (2019-2030)
5.2.1 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production Value by Type (2019-2024)
5.2.2 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production Value by Type (2025-2030)
5.2.3 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production Value Market Share by Type (2019-2030)
5.3 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Price by Type (2019-2030)
6 Segment by Application
6.1 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production by Application (2019-2030)
6.1.1 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production by Application (2019-2024)
6.1.2 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production by Application (2025-2030)
6.1.3 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
6.2 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production Value by Application (2019-2030)
6.2.1 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production Value by Application (2019-2024)
6.2.2 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production Value by Application (2025-2030)
6.2.3 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production Value Market Share by Application (2019-2030)
6.3 Global Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Price by Application (2019-2030)
7 Key Companies Profiled
7.1 Kao Group
7.1.1 Kao Group Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Corporation Information
7.1.2 Kao Group Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Product Portfolio
7.1.3 Kao Group Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.1.4 Kao Group Main Business and Markets Served
7.1.5 Kao Group Recent Developments/Updates
7.2 Imerys
7.2.1 Imerys Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Corporation Information
7.2.2 Imerys Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Product Portfolio
7.2.3 Imerys Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.2.4 Imerys Main Business and Markets Served
7.2.5 Imerys Recent Developments/Updates
7.3 Nanjing Union Rubber Chemicals
7.3.1 Nanjing Union Rubber Chemicals Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Corporation Information
7.3.2 Nanjing Union Rubber Chemicals Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Product Portfolio
7.3.3 Nanjing Union Rubber Chemicals Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.3.4 Nanjing Union Rubber Chemicals Main Business and Markets Served
7.3.5 Nanjing Union Rubber Chemicals Recent Developments/Updates
7.4 Taizhou Huangyan Donghai Chemical
7.4.1 Taizhou Huangyan Donghai Chemical Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Corporation Information
7.4.2 Taizhou Huangyan Donghai Chemical Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Product Portfolio
7.4.3 Taizhou Huangyan Donghai Chemical Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.4.4 Taizhou Huangyan Donghai Chemical Main Business and Markets Served
7.4.5 Taizhou Huangyan Donghai Chemical Recent Developments/Updates
7.5 Fihonor Group
7.5.1 Fihonor Group Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Corporation Information
7.5.2 Fihonor Group Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Product Portfolio
7.5.3 Fihonor Group Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.5.4 Fihonor Group Main Business and Markets Served
7.5.5 Fihonor Group Recent Developments/Updates
7.6 Nanjing Wellt Chemicals
7.6.1 Nanjing Wellt Chemicals Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Corporation Information
7.6.2 Nanjing Wellt Chemicals Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Product Portfolio
7.6.3 Nanjing Wellt Chemicals Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.6.4 Nanjing Wellt Chemicals Main Business and Markets Served
7.6.5 Nanjing Wellt Chemicals Recent Developments/Updates
7.7 RIKEN VITAMIN
7.7.1 RIKEN VITAMIN Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Corporation Information
7.7.2 RIKEN VITAMIN Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Product Portfolio
7.7.3 RIKEN VITAMIN Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.7.4 RIKEN VITAMIN Main Business and Markets Served
7.7.5 RIKEN VITAMIN Recent Developments/Updates
7.8 Sinobaltic
7.8.1 Sinobaltic Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Corporation Information
7.8.2 Sinobaltic Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Product Portfolio
7.8.3 Sinobaltic Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.8.4 Sinobaltic Main Business and Markets Served
7.7.5 Sinobaltic Recent Developments/Updates
7.9 ACMOS
7.9.1 ACMOS Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Corporation Information
7.9.2 ACMOS Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Product Portfolio
7.9.3 ACMOS Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.9.4 ACMOS Main Business and Markets Served
7.9.5 ACMOS Recent Developments/Updates
7.10 DOG
7.10.1 DOG Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Corporation Information
7.10.2 DOG Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Product Portfolio
7.10.3 DOG Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.10.4 DOG Main Business and Markets Served
7.10.5 DOG Recent Developments/Updates
7.11 D-bond
7.11.1 D-bond Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Corporation Information
7.11.2 D-bond Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Product Portfolio
7.11.3 D-bond Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.11.4 D-bond Main Business and Markets Served
7.11.5 D-bond Recent Developments/Updates
7.12 Ellsworth Adhesives
7.12.1 Ellsworth Adhesives Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Corporation Information
7.12.2 Ellsworth Adhesives Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Product Portfolio
7.12.3 Ellsworth Adhesives Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.12.4 Ellsworth Adhesives Main Business and Markets Served
7.12.5 Ellsworth Adhesives Recent Developments/Updates
7.13 ZEON
7.13.1 ZEON Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Corporation Information
7.13.2 ZEON Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Product Portfolio
7.13.3 ZEON Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.13.4 ZEON Main Business and Markets Served
7.13.5 ZEON Recent Developments/Updates
7.14 SI Group
7.14.1 SI Group Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Corporation Information
7.14.2 SI Group Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Product Portfolio
7.14.3 SI Group Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.14.4 SI Group Main Business and Markets Served
7.14.5 SI Group Recent Developments/Updates
7.15 Kawaguchi Chemical Laboratory
7.15.1 Kawaguchi Chemical Laboratory Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Corporation Information
7.15.2 Kawaguchi Chemical Laboratory Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Product Portfolio
7.15.3 Kawaguchi Chemical Laboratory Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.15.4 Kawaguchi Chemical Laboratory Main Business and Markets Served
7.15.5 Kawaguchi Chemical Laboratory Recent Developments/Updates
7.16 HRS Co
7.16.1 HRS Co Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Corporation Information
7.16.2 HRS Co Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Product Portfolio
7.16.3 HRS Co Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.16.4 HRS Co Main Business and Markets Served
7.16.5 HRS Co Recent Developments/Updates
7.17 Shanghai Kayson
7.17.1 Shanghai Kayson Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Corporation Information
7.17.2 Shanghai Kayson Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Product Portfolio
7.17.3 Shanghai Kayson Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.17.4 Shanghai Kayson Main Business and Markets Served
7.17.5 Shanghai Kayson Recent Developments/Updates
7.18 Wacker Chemical
7.18.1 Wacker Chemical Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Corporation Information
7.18.2 Wacker Chemical Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Product Portfolio
7.18.3 Wacker Chemical Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.18.4 Wacker Chemical Main Business and Markets Served
7.18.5 Wacker Chemical Recent Developments/Updates
7.19 Techsil
7.19.1 Techsil Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Corporation Information
7.19.2 Techsil Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Product Portfolio
7.19.3 Techsil Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.19.4 Techsil Main Business and Markets Served
7.19.5 Techsil Recent Developments/Updates
7.20 Anhui Yochon New Materials
7.20.1 Anhui Yochon New Materials Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Corporation Information
7.20.2 Anhui Yochon New Materials Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Product Portfolio
7.20.3 Anhui Yochon New Materials Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.20.4 Anhui Yochon New Materials Main Business and Markets Served
7.20.5 Anhui Yochon New Materials Recent Developments/Updates
7.21 Wuhan Jiangling Technology
7.21.1 Wuhan Jiangling Technology Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Corporation Information
7.21.2 Wuhan Jiangling Technology Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Product Portfolio
7.21.3 Wuhan Jiangling Technology Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.21.4 Wuhan Jiangling Technology Main Business and Markets Served
7.21.5 Wuhan Jiangling Technology Recent Developments/Updates
7.22 ICHEMCO
7.22.1 ICHEMCO Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Corporation Information
7.22.2 ICHEMCO Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Product Portfolio
7.22.3 ICHEMCO Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.22.4 ICHEMCO Main Business and Markets Served
7.22.5 ICHEMCO Recent Developments/Updates
8 Industry Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
8.1 Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Industry Chain Analysis
8.2 Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Key Raw Materials
8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
8.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
8.3 Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Production Mode & Process
8.4 Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Sales and Marketing
8.4.1 Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Sales Channels
8.4.2 Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Distributors
8.5 Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Customers
9 Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Market Dynamics
9.1 Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Industry Trends
9.2 Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Market Drivers
9.3 Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Market Challenges
9.4 Rubber Curing Agent and Processing Agent Market Restraints
10 Research Finding and Conclusion
11 Methodology and Data Source
11.1 Methodology/Research Approach
11.1.1 Research Programs/Design
11.1.2 Market Size Estimation
11.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
11.2 Data Source
11.2.1 Secondary Sources
11.2.2 Primary Sources
11.3 Author List
11.4 Disclaimer
Kao Group
Imerys
Nanjing Union Rubber Chemicals
Taizhou Huangyan Donghai Chemical
Fihonor Group
Nanjing Wellt Chemicals
RIKEN VITAMIN
Sinobaltic
ACMOS
DOG
D-bond
Ellsworth Adhesives
ZEON
SI Group
Kawaguchi Chemical Laboratory
HRS Co
Shanghai Kayson
Wacker Chemical
Techsil
Anhui Yochon New Materials
Wuhan Jiangling Technology
ICHEMCO
听
听
*If Applicable.
