Vacuum induction melting and inert gas atomization is the leading process for production of a variety of high-performance metal powders and essential for quality manufacturing of Ni-based super-alloys as well as Fe-, Co-, Cr-based and other special alloy powders. In the VIGA system, a vacuum induction melting unit is integrated with an inert gas atomization unit. The starting materials are melted using electromagnetic induction which couples electrical power into the crucible/material under vacuum or in an inert gas atmosphere. Once the desired melt homogeneity and chemical composition have been achieved, the material is poured into a tundish by crucible tilting. The fine metal stream flowing from the tundish orifice into the atomization nozzle system is subject to a high-pressure, inert-gas jet and then atomized. The combination of molten metal and gas jet creates a spray of micro-droplets that solidifies in the atomization tower and forms fine powder with spherical shape.
VIGA is where the melting and pouring of the alloy prior to atomisation is carried out in a vacuum chamber, to allow the production of the most oxidation-sensitive and reactive alloys, especially Fe-, Ni- and Co-based alloys containing Al, titanium and rare earths. This includes ‘superalloys’ such as IN718, maraging steels and M-Cr-Al-Y alloys. This technique was developed from the 1950s and 1960s when there was a push to explore the potential benefits of rapid solidification (RS) to allow the production of more highly alloyed superalloys for aerospace and defence applications. This proved to be a very challenging field of application but, after several decades of development, is now absorbing many thousands of tonnes per year of VIGA-produced superalloy powders. This intensive development has meant that the technology lends itself well to producing powders for HIP, MIM and AM. Oxygen contents in the 50–200 ppm range are achievable. Particle shape is, again, spherical with mis-shapes. Particle sizes are as for IGA.
By 1940, air atomisation was a well-established process for the production of zinc, aluminium, and probably also copper/brass/bronze powders. During World War Two, German engineers applied it to pig iron for iron powder production using the RZ process (Roheisen Zunder-Verfahren or ‘pig iron ignition process’). In the 1950s, W D Jones in the UK worked on inert gas atomisation as well as water atomisation and, by the 1960s, plants were being built for thermal spray alloy powder production of the NiCrBSi self-fluxing type. The development of Powder Metallurgy of high alloys and the concept of Rapid Solidification (RS) for refinement of microstructures led to the construction in Sweden of inert gas atomisers for tool steels, which went commercial on a 1–2 t scale in the 1970s. At the same time, the US government invested heavily in R&D on RS superalloys for aerospace and the first Vacuum Inert Gas Atomiser (VIGA) units were constructed with 100–300 kg capacity.
Since then, the use of inert gas atomisation (IGA) with air melting, as well as VIGA, has become widespread in use for thermal spray powders, PM superalloys, AM powders, and MIM powders. VIGA production of superalloy powders in the US alone now amounts to something in the order of 10–20 kt/year.
Inert gas atomisation is the method of choice for more demanding applications, such as MIM, AM, HIP, HVOF, brazing pastes, etc. Nitrogen is the most economic option, but argon is also used on reactive alloys like superalloys and titanium. Helium is used mostly in the production of aluminium and magnesium powders, but there is currently a huge incentive to switch to argon due to the unstable supply and high cost of helium. Total installed capacity of IGA and VIGA probably approaches 100 kt/ year, with large numbers of plants in different countries and industries. They range from tiny plants for a few kgs of precious metal brazing alloy to 3 t/h continuous plants for tool steel production. The fact that they are mostly processing relatively valuable metals and alloys (high value-added, large margin applications) makes small, local, plants economically feasible as opposed to iron powder plants, where low cost and economy of scale is imperative.
The global market for Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology was estimated to be worth US$ 71 million in 2023 and is forecast to a readjusted size of US$ 171.2 million by 2030 with a CAGR of 14.0% during the forecast period 2024-2030
Global 5 largest manufacturers of Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology are ALD, PSI, Arcast, Consarc and ACME, which make up about 80%. Among them, ALD is the leader with about 25% market share.
Americas is the largest market, with a share about 45%, followed by Europe and Asia-Pacific, with share about 30% and 23%. In terms of product type, Medium VIGA Systems (50~250 kg) occupy the largest share of the total market, about 69%. And in terms of product application, the largest application is Metal Powder Manufacturer, followed by Universities and Research Institutes.
Report Scope
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology, focusing on the total sales volume, sales revenue, price, key companies market share and ranking, together with an analysis of Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology by region & country, by Type, and by Application.
The Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology market size, estimations, and forecasts are provided in terms of sales volume (Units) and sales revenue ($ millions), considering 2023 as the base year, with history and forecast data for the period from 2019 to 2030. With both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology.
Market Segmentation
By Company
ALD
Consarc
PSI
SMS Group
Arcast
Topcast
Avimetal
VMP
ACME
Zhuzhou ShuangLing
Hunan Skyline
Zhuzhou Hanhe
Segment by Type:
Small VIGA Systems (<50 kg)
Medium VIGA Systems (50~250 kg)
Large VIGA Systems (≥250 kg)
Segment by Application
Metal Powder Manufacturer
Universities and Research Institutes
By Region
North America
United States
Canada
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
China Taiwan
Southeast Asia
India
Latin America
Mexico
Brazil
Argentina
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Introduces the report scope of the report, global total market size (valve, volume and price). This chapter also provides the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 2: Detailed analysis of Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales and revenue market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 3: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 5: Sales, revenue of Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology in regional level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and market size of each country in the world.
Chapter 6: Sales, revenue of Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology in country level. It provides sigmate data by Type, and by Application for each country/region.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 9: Conclusion.
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1 Market Overview
1.1 Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Product Introduction
1.2 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Market Size Forecast
1.2.1 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value (2019-2030)
1.2.2 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Volume (2019-2030)
1.2.3 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Price (2019-2030)
1.3 Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Market Trends & Drivers
1.3.1 Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Industry Trends
1.3.2 Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Market Drivers & Opportunity
1.3.3 Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Market Challenges
1.3.4 Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Market Restraints
1.4 Assumptions and Limitations
1.5 Study Objectives
1.6 Years Considered
2 Competitive Analysis by Company
2.1 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Players Revenue Ranking (2023)
2.2 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Revenue by Company (2019-2024)
2.3 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Players Sales Volume Ranking (2023)
2.4 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Volume by Company Players (2019-2024)
2.5 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Average Price by Company (2019-2024)
2.6 Key Manufacturers Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
2.7 Key Manufacturers Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Product Offered
2.8 Key Manufacturers Time to Begin Mass Production of Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology
2.9 Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Market Competitive Analysis
2.9.1 Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Market Concentration Rate (2019-2024)
2.9.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Manufacturers by Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Revenue in 2023
2.9.3 Global Top Manufacturers by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology as of 2023)
2.10 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Segmentation by Type
3.1 Introduction by Type
3.1.1 Small VIGA Systems (<50 kg)
3.1.2 Medium VIGA Systems (50~250 kg)
3.1.3 Large VIGA Systems (≥250 kg)
3.2 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Type
3.2.1 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Type (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
3.2.2 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value, by Type (2019-2030)
3.2.3 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value, by Type (%) (2019-2030)
3.3 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Volume by Type
3.3.1 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Volume by Type (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
3.3.2 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Volume, by Type (2019-2030)
3.3.3 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Volume, by Type (%) (2019-2030)
3.4 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Average Price by Type (2019-2030)
4 Segmentation by Application
4.1 Introduction by Application
4.1.1 Metal Powder Manufacturer
4.1.2 Universities and Research Institutes
4.2 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Application
4.2.1 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Application (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
4.2.2 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value, by Application (2019-2030)
4.2.3 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value, by Application (%) (2019-2030)
4.3 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Volume by Application
4.3.1 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Volume by Application (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
4.3.2 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Volume, by Application (2019-2030)
4.3.3 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Volume, by Application (%) (2019-2030)
4.4 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Average Price by Application (2019-2030)
5 Segmentation by Region
5.1 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Region
5.1.1 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
5.1.2 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Region (2019-2024)
5.1.3 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Region (2025-2030)
5.1.4 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Region (%), (2019-2030)
5.2 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Volume by Region
5.2.1 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Volume by Region: 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
5.2.2 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Volume by Region (2019-2024)
5.2.3 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Volume by Region (2025-2030)
5.2.4 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Volume by Region (%), (2019-2030)
5.3 Global Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Average Price by Region (2019-2030)
5.4 North America
5.4.1 North America Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value, 2019-2030
5.4.2 North America Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Country (%), 2023 VS 2030
5.5 Europe
5.5.1 Europe Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value, 2019-2030
5.5.2 Europe Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Country (%), 2023 VS 2030
5.6 Asia Pacific
5.6.1 Asia Pacific Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value, 2019-2030
5.6.2 Asia Pacific Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Country (%), 2023 VS 2030
5.7 South America
5.7.1 South America Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value, 2019-2030
5.7.2 South America Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Country (%), 2023 VS 2030
5.8 Middle East & Africa
5.8.1 Middle East & Africa Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value, 2019-2030
5.8.2 Middle East & Africa Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Country (%), 2023 VS 2030
6 Segmentation by Key Countries/Regions
6.1 Key Countries/Regions Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value Growth Trends, 2019 VS 2023 VS 2030
6.2 Key Countries/Regions Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value
6.2.1 Key Countries/Regions Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value, 2019-2030
6.2.2 Key Countries/Regions Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Volume, 2019-2030
6.3 United States
6.3.1 United States Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value, 2019-2030
6.3.2 United States Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Type (%), 2023 VS 2030
6.3.3 United States Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Application, 2023 VS 2030
6.4 Europe
6.4.1 Europe Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value, 2019-2030
6.4.2 Europe Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Type (%), 2023 VS 2030
6.4.3 Europe Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Application, 2023 VS 2030
6.5 China
6.5.1 China Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value, 2019-2030
6.5.2 China Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Type (%), 2023 VS 2030
6.5.3 China Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Application, 2023 VS 2030
6.6 Japan
6.6.1 Japan Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value, 2019-2030
6.6.2 Japan Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Type (%), 2023 VS 2030
6.6.3 Japan Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Application, 2023 VS 2030
6.7 South Korea
6.7.1 South Korea Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value, 2019-2030
6.7.2 South Korea Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Type (%), 2023 VS 2030
6.7.3 South Korea Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Application, 2023 VS 2030
6.8 Southeast Asia
6.8.1 Southeast Asia Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value, 2019-2030
6.8.2 Southeast Asia Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Type (%), 2023 VS 2030
6.8.3 Southeast Asia Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Application, 2023 VS 2030
6.9 India
6.9.1 India Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value, 2019-2030
6.9.2 India Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Type (%), 2023 VS 2030
6.9.3 India Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Value by Application, 2023 VS 2030
7 Company Profiles
7.1 ALD
7.1.1 ALD Company Information
7.1.2 ALD Introduction and Business Overview
7.1.3 ALD Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.1.4 ALD Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Product Offerings
7.1.5 ALD Recent Development
7.2 Consarc
7.2.1 Consarc Company Information
7.2.2 Consarc Introduction and Business Overview
7.2.3 Consarc Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.2.4 Consarc Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Product Offerings
7.2.5 Consarc Recent Development
7.3 PSI
7.3.1 PSI Company Information
7.3.2 PSI Introduction and Business Overview
7.3.3 PSI Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.3.4 PSI Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Product Offerings
7.3.5 PSI Recent Development
7.4 SMS Group
7.4.1 SMS Group Company Information
7.4.2 SMS Group Introduction and Business Overview
7.4.3 SMS Group Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.4.4 SMS Group Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Product Offerings
7.4.5 SMS Group Recent Development
7.5 Arcast
7.5.1 Arcast Company Information
7.5.2 Arcast Introduction and Business Overview
7.5.3 Arcast Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.5.4 Arcast Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Product Offerings
7.5.5 Arcast Recent Development
7.6 Topcast
7.6.1 Topcast Company Information
7.6.2 Topcast Introduction and Business Overview
7.6.3 Topcast Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.6.4 Topcast Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Product Offerings
7.6.5 Topcast Recent Development
7.7 Avimetal
7.7.1 Avimetal Company Information
7.7.2 Avimetal Introduction and Business Overview
7.7.3 Avimetal Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.7.4 Avimetal Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Product Offerings
7.7.5 Avimetal Recent Development
7.8 VMP
7.8.1 VMP Company Information
7.8.2 VMP Introduction and Business Overview
7.8.3 VMP Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.8.4 VMP Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Product Offerings
7.8.5 VMP Recent Development
7.9 ACME
7.9.1 ACME Company Information
7.9.2 ACME Introduction and Business Overview
7.9.3 ACME Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.9.4 ACME Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Product Offerings
7.9.5 ACME Recent Development
7.10 Zhuzhou ShuangLing
7.10.1 Zhuzhou ShuangLing Company Information
7.10.2 Zhuzhou ShuangLing Introduction and Business Overview
7.10.3 Zhuzhou ShuangLing Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.10.4 Zhuzhou ShuangLing Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Product Offerings
7.10.5 Zhuzhou ShuangLing Recent Development
7.11 Hunan Skyline
7.11.1 Hunan Skyline Company Information
7.11.2 Hunan Skyline Introduction and Business Overview
7.11.3 Hunan Skyline Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.11.4 Hunan Skyline Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Product Offerings
7.11.5 Hunan Skyline Recent Development
7.12 Zhuzhou Hanhe
7.12.1 Zhuzhou Hanhe Company Information
7.12.2 Zhuzhou Hanhe Introduction and Business Overview
7.12.3 Zhuzhou Hanhe Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
7.12.4 Zhuzhou Hanhe Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Product Offerings
7.12.5 Zhuzhou Hanhe Recent Development
8 Industry Chain Analysis
8.1 Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Industrial Chain
8.2 Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Upstream Analysis
8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
8.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
8.2.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure
8.3 Midstream Analysis
8.4 Downstream Analysis (Customers Analysis)
8.5 Sales Model and Sales Channels
8.5.1 Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Sales Model
8.5.2 Sales Channel
8.5.3 Vacuum Inert Gas Atomization (VIGA) Processing Technology Distributors
9 Research Findings and Conclusion
10 Appendix
10.1 Research Methodology
10.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
10.1.2 Data Source
10.2 Author Details
10.3 Disclaimer
ALD
Consarc
PSI
SMS Group
Arcast
Topcast
Avimetal
VMP
ACME
Zhuzhou ShuangLing
Hunan Skyline
Zhuzhou Hanhe
Ìý
Ìý
*If Applicable.
